The relationship between memory consolidation and reconsolidation at the molecular level is poorly understood. Here, we identify three immediate-early genes that are differentially regulated in the mouse hippocampus after contextual fear conditioning and reactivation of the context-shock memory: serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), SGK3, and nerve growth factor-inducible gene B (N...

An innovative hybrid thermoplastic manufacturing process has been investigated, which consists in carbon fibres reinforced poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) prepreg sandwiched between two amorphous polyetherimide (PEI) films. By using a laser-assisted automated fibre placement (AFP), laminate is produced by the deposition of tapes, layer-by-layer without autoclave. The temperature history control...

Sea-ice ridges constitute a large fraction of the ice volume in Arctic Ocean, yet we know little about evolution these masses. Here examine thermal and morphological an first-year sea-ice ridge, from its formation to advanced melt. Initially mean keel depth was 5.6 m sail height 0.7 m. The initial rubble macroporosity (fraction seawater filled voids) estimated at 29% drilling 43%–46% buoy tempe...

clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): June 23, 2011 www.sciencemag.org (this infomation is current as of The following resources related to this article are availab...

Conscious memory for a new experience is initially dependent on information stored in both the hippocampus and neocortex. Systems consolidation is the process by which the hippocampus guides the reorganization of the information stored in the neocortex such that it eventually becomes independent of the hippocampus. Early evidence for systems consolidation was provided by studies of retrograde a...

background: testosterone and its metabolites have important roles in learning and memory. the current study has conducted to assess the effect of pre-training, post-training and pre-probe trial intrahippocampal ca1 administration of 3 alpha-anderostanediol (one of the metabolites of testosterone) and indomethacin (as 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme blocker) on acquisition, consolida...

1. introduction the phenomenon of land consolidation has been the concern of economists, geographers, soil scientists, anthropologists, and politician in the last decades. it has achieved little success for agricultural development in iran. most of iranian land consolidation schemes ignore to meet sustainability criteria as a critical phase in the planning process. therefore, they have caused m...

iran is one of the countries facing the most severe farmland fragmentation (ff) in rural areas and farmland consolidation (fc) is generally regarded as being a suitable instrument to solve this problem . a case study in the central area of iran was conducted to explore landholder's attitudes towards issues related to ff and fc. randomized stratified sampling frame was used to select 146 landhol...