Abstract Dark noise is a dominant background in photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), which are commonly used liquid-filled particle detectors for single-photon detection to see the results of interactions. A major contribution dark thermionic emission from photocathode. The Hamamatsu R7081-100 PMTs characterised temperature and purity controlled water tank, with isolated. suggest that intrinsic rate d...

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A scheme is proposed to electrically measure the spin-momentum coupling in the topological insulator surface state by injection of spin polarized electrons from silicon. As an initial approach, devices were fabricated consisting of thin (<100 nm) exfoliated crystals of Bi2Se3 on n-type silicon with independent electrical contacts to silicon and Bi2Se3. Analysis of the temperature dependence of ...

To clarify the ionization mechanism of large molecules under multi-photon ionization conditions, photo-electron spectroscopic studies on anthracene have been performed with electron imaging technique. Electron kinetic energy distributions below a few eV reveal that three kinds of ionization channels coexist, viz., vertical ionization, ionization from Rydberg states, and thermionic hot electron ...

Using a two-end bonded ZnO piezoelectric-fine-wire (PFW) (nanowire, microwire) on a flexible polymer substrate, the strain-induced change in I-V transport characteristic from symmetric to diode-type has been observed. This phenomenon is attributed to the asymmetric change in Schottky-barrier heights at both source and drain electrodes as caused by the strain-induced piezoelectric potential-drop...

We use computational simulations to study the electron emission and propagation in planar vacuum diodes. show how space-charge affects thermionic from cathodes with two different values of work function that form a checkerboard pattern finite extent on cathode surface. confirm that, for intermediate temperature, local current density low regions can exceed limit entire cathode. As temperature r...

In electron beam devices, the voltage applied to the cathode (w.r.t. grid voltage) provides the initial energy for the electrons. Based on the type of electron emission, the electron sources are (mainly) classified into thermionic cathodes and cold cathodes. The power consumption of a cold cathode is smaller than that of a thermionic cathode. The delay time of the electron emission from a cold ...