The basic results in calculations of the thermodynamic functions of electromagnetic field in the background of a dilute dielectric ball at zero and finite temperature are presented. Summation over the angular momentum values is accomplished in a closed form by making use of the addition theorem for the relevant Bessel functions. The behavior of the thermodynamic characteristics in the low and h...

Thermodynamic properties of a class of black p-branes in D-dimensions considered by Duff and Lu are investigated semi-classically. For black (d − 1)-brane, thermodynamic quantities depend on D and d only through the combination d̃ ≡ D − d − 2. The behavior of the Hawking temperature and the lifetime vary with d̃, with a critical value d̃ = 2. For d̃ > 2, there remains a remnant, in which non-zero e...

We measured and cross-validated the energetics of networks in Bacillus stearothermophilus Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) using both multi-mutant and modular thermodynamic cycles. Multi-dimensional combinatorial mutagenesis showed that four side chains from this "molecular switch" move coordinately with the active-site Mg2+ ion as the active site preorganizes to stabilize the transition st...

The magnetization of a system of many mesoscopic rings under nonequilibrium conditions is considered. The corresponding disorder-averaged current in a ring I(phi) is shown to be a sum of the "thermodynamic" and "kinetic" contributions both resulting from the electron-electron interaction. The thermodynamic part can be expressed through the diagonal matrix elements J(micro micro) of the current ...

Parrondo’s paradox is a well-known situation where losing strategies can be combined to win, and is based on a thermodynamic Brownian ratchet principle. We demonstrate a new extension of Parrondo’s paradox called the Allison mixture where it is possible to paradoxically generate random sequences with nonzero autocovariance, out of subsequences of zero autocovariance. We explain the effect with ...

The quantitative thermodynamic effect of adding a weak, long-range attraction to inverse-power repUlsive potentials is studied. The resulting phase diagrams exhibit two fluid phases and a solid phase. a critical point, a triple point, and, for sufficiently soft repulsions, an additional solid phase with an additional triple point. The effects of attractions other than van der Waals' are studied...

We develop the stochastic approach to thermodynamics based on stochastic dynamics, which can be discrete (master equation) and continuous (Fokker-Planck equation), and on two assumptions concerning entropy. The first is the definition of entropy itself and the second the definition of entropy production rate, which is non-negative and vanishes in thermodynamic equilibrium. Based on these assump...

Numerous computerized chemical speciation models based on thermodynamic principles are nowadays available and widely used to estimate biometals, radionuclides and hazardous pollutants behavior in various technological cycles, biosystems and environment. However, these models are sensitive to the reliability of more then 400 000 thermodynamic data provided by various databases and other data sou...

Thermodynamic and magnetic properties of Ising models defined on the triangular Apollonian network are investigated. This and other similar networks are inspired by the problem of covering a Euclidian domain with circles of maximal radii. Maps for the thermodynamic functions in two subsequent generations of the construction of the network are obtained by formulating the problem in terms of tran...

Thermodynamics governing the synthesis of DNA and RNA strands under a template is considered analytically and applied to the population dynamics of competing replicators. We find a nonequilibrium phase transition for high values of polymerase fidelity in a single replicator, where the two phases correspond to stationary states with higher elongation velocity and lower error rate than the other....