The conquest of the cold has become one the most exciting goals in modern atomic physics. The development of laser and evaporative cooling techniques have been among the greatest achievements in the second half of last century, as recognized by two Nobel prizes on these topics (1997 and 2001). These methods made it possible to reach temperatures of the order of a few nK and led to the first exp...

Calibration of thermometers is timeconsuming process that requires short-term temperature stability during multiple measurements at given temperature points. In most laboratories, thermometer calibration process is not automated, requiring the presence of the laboratory assistant during the calibration and for the subsequent calculation of the measurement uncertainty. In this paper, an automate...

1. BASIC THEORY The electrical conductivity of a metal depends on the movement of electrons through its crystal lattice. Due to thermal excitation, the electrical resistance of a conductor varies according to its temperature and this forms the basic principals of resistance thermometry. The effect is most commonly exhibited as an increase in resistance with increasing temperature, a positive te...

We present a general argument showing that the temperature as well as other thermodynamical state variables qualify as entanglement witnesses for spatial entanglement. This holds for a variety of systems and we exemplify our ideas using a simple non-interacting Bosonic gas. We find that entanglement can exist at arbitrarily high temperatures, provided that we can probe smaller and smaller regio...

The American Academy of Pediatrics' recent technical report entitled "Mercury in the Environment: Implications for Pediatricians" was widely reported on by the news media. After the media reports, the New Jersey Poison Information and Education System experienced a notable increase in the volume of calls on this topic. We surveyed local, county, and state health officers who would likely be con...

ABSTRACT To illustrate for a broad public acoustic magnitudes, level-thermometers can be used which show e.g. on the lower end whispering leaves and on the upper end a jet aircraft. When using instead a loudness-thermometer, the sequence of sounds sometimes can be reversed compared to a level-thermometer. From an engineering point of view, these differences frequently can be traced back to diff...