The thioredoxin-h (Trx-h) family of Arabidopsis thaliana comprises cytosolic disulfide reductases. However, the physiological function Trx-h2, which contains an additional 19 amino acids at its N-terminus, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated molecular Trx-h2 both in vitro and vivo found that overexpression (Trx-h2OE) lines showed significantly longer roots than wild-type plants unde...

l h e onset of photosynthetic NO3assimilation in N-limited Chlamydomonas reinhardtii increased the initial extractable activity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (C6PDH), the key regulatory step of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. l h e total activated enzyme activity did not change upon NO3resupply. l h e higher activity, therefore, represents activation of existing enzyme. No a...

Thioredoxin, a ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved protein, modulates the structure and activity of proteins involved in a spectrum of processes, such as gene expression, apoptosis, and the oxidative stress response. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the thioredoxin-linked Escherichia coli proteome by using tandem affinity purification and nanospray microcapillary tandem mass spe...

The complete coding sequence of Haemonchus (H.) contortus HC29 cDNA was generated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends in combination with PCR using primers targeting the 5'- and 3'-ends of the partial mRNA sequence. The cloned HC29 cDNA was shown to be 1,113 bp in size with an open reading frame of 507 bp, encoding a protein of 168 amino acid with a calculated molecular mass of 18.9 kDa. Amino ...

In Brassica , the thioredoxin h proteins, THL1 and THL2, were previously found to be potential inhibitors of the S receptor kinase (SRK) in the Brassica self-incompatibility response. To investigate the biological roles of THL1 and THL2 in pollen-pistil interactions, the stigma-specific SLR1 promoter was used to drive antisense THL1/2 expression in Brassica napus cv. Westar. This cultivar is no...

Events that control developmental changes occur during specific windows of gestation and if disrupted, can lead to dysmorphogenesis or embryolethality. One largely understudied aspect of developmental control is redox regulation, where the untimely disruption of intracellular redox potentials (E(h) ) may alter development, suggesting that tight control of developmental-stage-specific redox stat...

We have examined the molecular weight and rotational correlation time of human thioredoxin by analytical ultracentrifugation and NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Two variants of human thioredoxin were studied, namely human thioredoxin identical in amino acid sequence to the one whose NMR structure we previously determined (C62A, C69A, C73A, M74T) and human thioredoxin (C62A, C69A, C73A, M74) con...

Dark activation of light-inactivated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited by catalase in a broken pea chloroplast system. Partially purified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from pea leaf chloroplasts can be inactivated in vitro by dithiothreitol and thioredoxin and reactivated by H(2)O(2). The in vitro activation by H(2)O(2) was not enhanced by horseradish peroxidase, and dark acti...

Using phage display we identify the redox proteins thioredoxin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as novel protein kinase C (PKC)-interacting proteins. Overlay assays demonstrated that PKC bound to immobilized thioredoxin, providing supporting evidence for the phage display results. Kinase assays demonstrated that SOD and thioredoxin were not direct substrates for PKC but that both proteins blocked...

The solution structure of recombinant human thioredoxin (105 residues) has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combined with hybrid distance geometry-dynamical simulated annealing calculations. Approximate interproton distance restraints were derived from nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements. In addition, a large number of stereospecific assignments for beta...