Chlorine was first used to purify water in the United States almost 100 years ago (1). Since that time, the technique has been improved upon and its use expanded so that most water systems today are disinfected (1). In 1995, approximately 64 percent of community water systems (systems that provide water to the same people year-round) specifically added chlorine as a disinfectant, and the remain...

In this paper we provide a probabilistic interpretat ion for typed feature structures very similar to those used by Pollard and Sag. We begin with a version of the interpretation which lacks a t rea tment of re-entrant feature structures, then provide an extended interpretat ion which allows them. We sketch algori thms allowing the numerical parameters of our probabilistic interpretations of HP...

An overview is given, w i t h new results, of math ematical models and algor i thms for probabi l ist ic logic, probabi l ist ic entai lment and various extensions. Ana ly t i ca l and numerical solutions are considered, the former leading to automated generation of theorems in the theory of probabi l i t ies. Ways to restore consistency and relat ionship w i t h Bayesian networks are also stud...

K e y w o r d s : graphs, algori thms, HHD-free graphs, t reewidth, min imum fill-in. MSC: 68R10. 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n A graph is HHD-free if it does not contain a house (i.e., the complement of Ps), a hole (Ck for k _> 5) or a domino (see Figure 1). Fig. 1. 'House' (left), 'hole' (middle) and 'domino' (right) * kloks@math, utwente, nl

We present an educational tool f o r bringing the information contained an a Bayesian network to the end user an an easily intelligible form. The BANTER shell is designed to tutor users i n evaluation of hypotheses and selection of optimal diagnostic procedures. BANTER can be used with any Bayesian network containing nodes that can be classified into hypotheses, observations, and diagnostic pro...

Breakpoint chlorination (BC) and disinfection with chlorine-based disinfectant are widely used procedures in drinking water production. Both involve dosing chlorine into the raw water, where it can react organic compounds, forming by-products (DBPs) of health concern. However, technological parameters (e.g., contact time, dosage, bromide to residual free ratio) two different, which lead differe...

The aim of this study is the application of a software tool to the design of stripping columns to calculate the removal of trihalomethanes (THMs) from drinking water. The tool also allows calculating the rough capital cost of the column and the decrease in carcinogenic risk indeces associated with the elimination of THMs and, thus, the investment to save a human life. The design of stripping co...

The occurrence of 28 disinfection by-products (DBPs), which were divided into 5 groups, in 70 drinking water treatment plants in 31 cities across China was investigated, and the toxic potency of each DBP group was calculated using mammalian cell toxicity data from previous studies for profiling. Of the 28 DBPs, 21 were detected with an average frequency of detection of 50%. Trihalomethanes (THM...