since the 1960 child safety systems in cars have been developed. the 3 point safety belt for adults rated as one of the 10 most important inventions for mankind, the seat belt has saved more than 1.5 million lives. as well children have to be secured in a car but the 3 point belt is designed for adults. a 27 kg child is forced forward with 1.200 kg at 48 kph impact velocity. here vulnerable bod...

congenital diaphragmatic hernia (cdh) is a rare anomaly with a reported incidence of 1 in 16,000 populations. it may be associated with herniation of stomach, intestinal loops, spleen, and kidney through a chest wall defect. we report a case of a 1 year old male child who presented with recurrent fever, occasional chills and rigor of 4 months duration. left kidney was non visualised on ultrasou...

This series comprises of a quiz pertaining to the identification of salient and important anatomical structures and landmarks expected to be seen at a given level on the computed tomography (CT) image. The representativeimage is followed by a series of images showing examples of different commonly encountered pathological entities that can be seen at this level in a routine clinical practice. R...

BACKGROUND The biomechanical simulation of the human respiratory system is expected to be a useful tool for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. Because the deformation of the thorax significantly influences airflow in the lungs, we focused on simulating the thorax deformation by introducing contraction of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm, which are the main muscles respons...

Nowadays, neoplasms have become the common surgical affections encountered in pet population, especially dogs. Skin are most neoplasm observed dogs, followed by mammary neoplasms. Most of may exhibit metastatic and paraneoplastic changes distant sites other than primary tumor sites, mainly thorax. The present study investigated evaluation radiographically evident cardio-pulmonary, thorax twenty...