The evolution of granular shear flow is investigated as a function of height in a split-bottom Couette cell. Using particle tracking, magnetic-resonance imaging, and large-scale simulations, we find a transition in the nature of the shear as a characteristic height H* is exceeded. Below H* there is a central stationary core; above H* we observe the onset of additional axial shear associated wit...

This study is motivated by three-dimensional ows about protrusions and cavities with an arbitrary angle between the external ow and rigid elements. The novel type of a \building block" cavity ow is proposed where the cavity lid moves along its diagonal (Case A). The proposed case is taken as a typical representative of essentially three-dimensional highly separated vortical ows having simple si...

Recent experiments performed on a variety of soft glassy materials have demonstrated that any imposed shear flow serves to simultaneously fluidize these systems in all spatial directions [Ovarlez et al., Nature Mater. 9, 115–119 (2010)]. When probed with a second shear flow, the viscous response of the experimental system is determined by the rate of the primary, fluidizing flow. Motivated by t...

In this paper, the oscillating two-dimensional laminar flow about a cylinder and the oscillation of a cylinder in still water are studied. A finite volume method is applied to solve the Navier Stokes equations using SIMPLEC algorithm on a body fitted co-located O-type grid. In this study, the non-dimensional flow numbers, Keulegan-Carpenter and Stokes’ numbers are chosen over a range where diff...

Whilst many vertebrates appear externally left-right symmetric, the arrangement of internal organs is asymmetric. In zebrafish, the breaking of left-right symmetry is organised by Kupffer's Vesicle (KV): an approximately spherical, fluid-filled structure that begins to form in the embryo 10 hours post fertilisation. A crucial component of zebrafish symmetry breaking is the establishment of a ci...

if ƒ is an analytic function of v and f and the integral is extended over the complete boundary of a region in which ƒ is regular. In the dynamics of the two-dimensional potential flow several equations of the form (4) play a decisive role. It must be expected that the analogous theorems are valid in three-dimensional potential flow also. But the question has not yet been answered: For what vec...