In this paper we have studied the threshold adaptation for energy based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using non-linear optimization. Several methods to decide the threshold have been proposed in the literature such as fixed threshold, double threshold and adaptive threshold etc. Instead of using these methods to decide threshold in energy detection, an adaptive threshold has been proposed...

in this research, air sampling of workplaces was carried out by two methods (long - time and short - time). the mean formaldehyde concentration with long - time method in pathology labs, surgery and endoscopy sections were 0.96 0.25 and 0.13 ppm and with short - time method, 8 hours, was 3, 0.3 and 0.2 ppm. the mean formaldehyde concentration in pathology labs was above the standard values (tlv...

The de-noising of sensor data has become an important to research. Since the traditional de-noising method can’t achieve successful de-noising effect and the software-only method never meets a high real time capability. In this paper, we illustrate a novel threshold function based on the wavelet hard and soft threshold function. It is unlike ordinary function, which has overcome the defect such...

a b s t r a c t there are three types of nerve fibers that are involved in the transmission of pain stimuli: c fibers (slower fibers) for thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli, a-delta fibers for thermal or mechanical stimuli and a-beta fibers for touch stimuli. clinically, this is crucial in making an accurate assessment of the pain level experienced by a suffering patient, in indicating th...

Since November 2019, each country in the world has been affected by COVID-19, which claimed more than four million lives. As an infectious disease, COVID-19 a stronger transmission power and faster propagation speed. In fact, environmental noise is inevitable important factor real world. This paper mainly gives new random disease system under infection rate noise. We give existence uniqueness o...