Ticks and tick-borne pathogens have evolved together, resulting in a complex relationship in which the pathogen's life cycle is perfectly coordinated with the tick's feeding cycle, and the tick can harbour high pathogen levels without affecting its biology. Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) continue to emerge and/or spread, and pose an increasing threatto human and animal health. The disruptive impact...

BACKGROUND:Ticks are obligatory blood sucking arthropodsthat can transmit important pathogens. OBJECTIVES: Thedistribution and diversity of ticks fauna were last studied in the northof Iran in 2007. Mazandaran province has a humid climate, whichis favourable to animal husbandry such as sheep breeding. Due tohumid climate, the likelihood of exposure to tick infestation isincreasing. The aim of t...

The present study was conducted as the first molecular detection of Anaplasma species in tick samples based on the sequencing of major surface proteins 4 (msp4) gene fragments in different parts of Iran. A total of 130 tick specimens were collected from Hormozgan, Lorestan, and Guilan, Iran, within 2015 to 2017. Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma dromedarii</em...

To determine if eastern North American Ixodes dammini, like related ticks in Eurasia, maintain tick-borne encephalitis group viruses, we analyzed ticks collected from sites where the agent of Lyme disease is zoonotic. Two viral isolates were obtained by inoculating mice with homogenates from tick salivary glands. The virus, which was described by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ...

Ticks are small blood feeding ectoparasites with a global distribution. They are important vectors of disease pathogens including rickettsiae, spirochaetes, and viruses. Prevention of tick attachment and rapid removal reduce the risk of contracting tickborne diseases, and there are many recommendations on how to achieve this. This article aims to review the evidence base for tick bite preventio...

Ticks are unique among hematophagous arthropods by continuous attachment to host skin and blood feeding for days; complexity and diversity of biologically active molecules differentially expressed in saliva of tick species; their ability to modulate the host defenses of pain and itch, hemostasis, inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity, and wound healing; and, the diverse array of infectious...

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging pathogen that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Infection with this zoonotic pathogen affects cell function in both vertebrate host and the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis. Global tissue-specific response and apoptosis signaling pathways were characterized in I. scapularis nymphs and adult female midguts and salivary glands infected with A. phagocyt...

Many infectious diseases are zoonoses, that is, they can be transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. More than a fifth of zoonotic pathogens are transferred from one host to another by vectors, which are often blood-sucking arthropods, such as ticks. In Europe, Lyme borreliosis, spread by Ixodes ricinus tick, is the most prevalent tick-borne zoonosis. I. ricinus spreads also other zoo...

Abstract Potential reinvasion of the United States by cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say) and R. (B.) microplus (Canestrini), which are endemic in Mexico, threatens domestic livestock industry because these ticks vector causal agents (Babesia bovis (Babes) (Piroplasmida: Babesidae) B. bigemina Smith &amp; Kilborne) bovine babesiosis. The Cattle Fever Tick Eradication P...

Abstract Wildlife vertebrate hosts are integral to enzootic cycles of tick-borne pathogens, and in some cases have played key roles the recent rise ticks diseases North America. In this forum article, we highlight that wildlife play maintenance transmission zoonotic, companion animal, livestock, pathogens. We begin by illustrating how contribute directly indirectly increase geographic expansion...