Conditions favoring population divergence in trophic features, such as the low levels of species richness and interspecific competition found on islands, can be similar to conditions that increase their sexual dimorphism or overall variance. Male emberizid sparrows of tidal marshes have undergone parallel evolution of large bills. We tested for parallel increases between dimorphism and overall ...

BACKGROUND Mercury is known to bioaccumulate and to magnify in marine mammals, which is a cause of great concern in terms of their general health. In particular, the immune system is known to be susceptible to long-term mercury exposure. The aims of the present study were (1) to determine the mercury level in the blood of free-ranging harbour seals from the North Sea and (2) to examine the link...

We present PALEO-SEAL, a simple web interface that allows visualizing, querying and downloading Holocene sea-level datapoints formatted following the HOLSEA data template. The is hosted on mySQL database, uses AngularJS. PALEO-SEAL scalable to large datasets can be deployed in few easy steps, require only basic knowledge of SQL HTML. tool released open domain.

background: main objective of this study was to investigate the invasive activity of the liver fluke, pseudamphistomom truncatum against the caspian seal ( pusa caspica ) and was exemplified at the gross, light microscopy (lm) and electron microscopy (em) levels. methods: the study was done on a freshly dead caspian seal in the southern coast of caspian sea. the checked caspian seal probably be...

Identifying sources of sampling variation and quantifying their magnitude is critical to the interpretation of ecological field data. Yet, most monitoring programs of reef fish populations based on underwater visual censuses (UVC) consider only a few of the factors that may influence fish counts, such as the diver or census methodology. Recent studies, however, have drawn attention to a broader...

This paper uses dissipation values derived from UARS/HRDI observations in a recently published diurnal-tide model. These model structures compare quite well with the UARS/HRDI observations with respect to the annual variation of the diurnal tidal amplitudes and the size of the amplitudes themselves. It is suggested that the annual variation of atmospheric dissipation in the mesosphere-lower the...

Diurnal tidal components in horizontal winds measured by MST radar in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over a tropical station Gadanki (13.5 N, 79.2 E) are presented for the autumn equinox, winter, vernal equinox and summer seasons. For this purpose radar data obtained over many diurnal cycles from September 1995 to August 1996 are used. The results obtained show that although the seasona...

Previously unresolved problems in the populations studies of the Pribilof fur seal are reviewed. The tagging estimates of fur seal pups may have been biased by tag mortality and hence the apparent year class fluctuations after 1952 may be unreal. A set of cumulative estimates are given for the number of pups born in each year since 1950. These cumulative estimates depend on the estimate of the ...

In the present paper simulation of tidal currents on three-dimensional geometry of the Persian Gulf is performed by the solution of the depth averaged hydrodynamics equations. The numerical solution was applied on two types of discritized simulation domain (Persian Gulf); with and without major islands. The hydrodynamic model utilized in this work is formed by equations of continuity and motion...