In this paper it is shown that no public announcement scheme that can be modeled in Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) can solve the Russian Cards Problem (RCP) in one announcement. Since DEL is a general model for any public announcement scheme [11], [3], [6], [21], [12] we conclude that there exist no single announcement solution to the RCP. The proof demonstrates the utility of DEL in proving low...

Financial Report is a record of financial information in company during an accounting period that can be used to describe the company's performance as well for decision making internal & external parties determining strategic decisions and plans carried out maximize profits. One things situation finances timeliness submitting statements. There are many phenomena regarding reports, including...

The valuation of options using a binomial non-recombining tree with discrete dividends can be intricate. This paper proposes three different enhancements that can be used alone or combined to value American options with discrete dividends using a nonrecombining binomial tree. These methods are compared in terms of both speed and accuracy with a large sample of options with one to four discrete ...

The announcement of the 16th International Colloquium Association for Study Ancient Mosaic AIEMA in Conímbriga (Condeixa-a-Nova), Rabaçal, São Simão (Penela) and Santiago da Guarda (Ansião), with excursion to Alter do Chão, Mértola, Milreu Faro, (11 15 July 2025), led event’s proponents, members Portuguese Conservation - APECMA, section (based Paris), consider availability each one archaeologic...

Of primary importance to the investor in corporate shares is the dividend return. But many a purchaser of shares has other dominant interests. He may desire merely to qualify to be a director. He may be a "pirate" and contenplate a particular suit which he can institute only as a shareholder. He may hope to acquire the right of a shareholder to examine the stock ledger or other books or records...

Arbitrary public announcement logic (APAL) reasons about how the knowledge of a set of agents changes after true public announcements and after arbitrary announcements of true epistemic formulas. We consider a variant of arbitrary public announcement logic called positive arbitrary public announcement logic (APAL), which restricts arbitrary public announcements to announcement of positive formu...

A scalable multicast session announcement system is a key component of a group communication framework over the Internet. It enables the announcement of session parameters (like the {source address; group address} pair) to a potentially large number of users, according to each site administrator’s policy. This system should accommodate any flavor of group communication system, like the Any-Sour...