conclusions to promote the effect of printed images on cigarette packages, it is recommended to consider the suitability of labels in the targeted culture. in addition, to be more effective consultation sites to quit smoking should be introduced under the images. background health warning labels on cigarette packages are among the most straightforward and important tools to communicate with smo...

background recent studies show that the prevalence of tobacco use among teens and students is increasing, and the initiation age of tobacco use has decreased. objectives the current research aimed to signify the role of schools in the process in which student teenage boys became smokers in 2012 in mashhad. materials and methods the current study was part of a qualitative research conducted by c...

background: tobacco use has toxic effects on different organs. this study was carried out to assess the effect of indigenous tobacco both in smoking (bidi) and smokeless (gutkha, zarda and khaini) forms on buccal cells at chromosomal level, through assessment of different nuclear anomalies as biomarker. methods:this study was done on people living in durgapur and its adjacent areas, west bengal...

Abstract: The processed potato industry is highly vertically coordina ted though the use of production contracts between growers and processors. Contracts in this industry are primarily used to combat market thinness and potato quality requirements. This study uses a two period principle-agent model to describe the incentives inherit in processing potato production contracts. Actual processor p...

Plants modified to express insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (referred to as Bt-protected plants) provide a safe and highly effective method of insect control. Bt-protected corn, cotton, and potato were introduced into the United States in 1995/1996 and grown on a total of approximately 10 million acres in 1997, 20 million acres in 1998, and 29 million acres globally in 1999. Th...

topping stage of tobacco is a key time for development of agriculture measures to promote the quality of leaves. in order to investigating influence of topping timing and suckericide content on tobacco leaf, a factorial experiment on the basis of rcb design with 3 replications was conducted in 2011 at the tobacco research farm of isfahan. treatments were including topping time (t1: topping at e...

Background: To define underlying predictors of tobacco smoking among Iranian Teenagers in a generalized structural equation model. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a Generalized Structural Equation Model based on planned behavioral theory was used to explain the relationship among different factors such as demographic factors, subjective norms, and the intention to tobacco ...

Nematode severity in Arkansas in 1999, although not as great as in 1998, proved to be increasing throughout the state. Root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, and reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, were diagnosed in many grower fields for the first time in 1999. Cotton yields were reduced through much of the state due to environmental stress and nematodes made a bad situation...

Issue Established in 1995, the Lodi Winegrape Comission’s (LWC) Sustainable Winegrowing Program (SWP) promotes grower adoption of best management practices via informational meetings, workshops, vineyard demonstrations and research, the Lodi Winegrowers’ Workbook for sustainability self-assessment, and the Lodi Rules for Sustainable Winegrowing third-party certification program. Understanding g...