Paraquat is an organic heterocyclic herbicide and defoliant agent used worldwide. However, paraquat is highly toxic to humans and animals and no effective antidote is available, which causes a high mortality rate. In order to investigate the effects of paraquat on the metabolic capacity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, a cocktail method was employed to evaluate the activities of CYP2B1, CYP2D1...

In the UGDP study, published in the 1970s, a high incidence of cardiovascular mortality was found in patients treated with the sulfonylurea agent tolbutamide. Impaired ischaemic preconditioning is presumed to be the most important mechanism for the excess cardiovascular mortality observed. However, as tolbutamide has only a low affinity for cardiac sulfonylurea receptors, interference with isch...

Erythromycin is among the antibiotics that have widespread use for treatment of community and hospital-acquired infections. Although uncommon, hypoglycemia has been reported with erythromycin and appears to occur most frequently in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are receiving therapy with oral hypoglycemics. The present study was designed to explore the potential effects of ...

Changes in the distribution of intracellular calcium in B-cells from the perfused ob/ob mouse pancreas in relation to the secretory state of the B-cell were followed using the pyroantimonate technique for calcium precipitation. At the internal surface of the B-cell membrane a highly mobile reservoir of calcium was mobilized during the first 1-3 min of stimulation of the B-cells by glucose as we...

authors when insulin was given subcutaneously. In this instance, in contrast to intravenous injection, the slow absorption limits the concentration of insulin in the blood to low levels. In consequence, the results obtained imitated those found following the intravenous injection of tolbutamide, namely, a suppression of glucose entry from the liver into the blood stream shown by plateauing of t...

Cocktail method was used to evaluate the influence of ketamine on the activities of CYP450 isoforms CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP2B6, which were reflected by the changes of pharmacokinetic parameters of six specific probe drugs phenacetin, metroprolol, midazolam, omeprazole, tolbutamide and bupropion, respectively. The experimental rats were randomly divided into two group, co...