The asymmetry of the dorsal-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo appears to depend on the ventral activation of the transmembrane Toll protein. The Toll protein is found around the entire dorsal-ventral circumference of the embryo, and it appears to act as a receptor for a ventral, extracellular signal and to then relay that signal to the cytoplasm in ventral regions of the embryo. Three of...

One of the key morphogenetic processes used during development is the controlled intercalation of cells between their neighbors. This process has been co-opted into a range of developmental events, and it also underlies an event that occurs in each major group of bilaterians: elongation of the embryo along the anterior-posterior axis [1]. In Drosophila, a novel component of this process was rec...

This paper proposes a self-learning approach to determine optimal pricing strategies for high-occupancy/toll lane operations. The approach learns recursively motorists’ willingness to pay by mining the loop detector data, and then specifies toll rates to maximize the freeway’s throughput while ensuring a superior travel service to the users of the toll lanes. In determination of the tolls, a mu...

The discovery of Toll in Drosophila and of the remarkable conservation in pathway composition and organization catalyzed a transformation in our understanding of innate immune recognition and response. At the center of that picture is a cascade of interactions in which specific microbial cues activate Toll receptors, which then transmit signals driving transcription factor nuclear localization ...

Pricing is one of the best tools to improve the efficiency of highly congested transportation networks. It has been shown that an optimal toll pattern can be determined by applying the welfare-economics principle of marginal pricing. Because implementing the marginal pricing solution to the toll optimization problem requires charging each arc of the network any real valued toll, which is not re...

We study a robust toll pricing problem where toll setters and users have different level of information when taking their decisions. Toll setters do not have full information on the costs of the network and rely on historical information when determining toll rates, whereas users decide on the path to use from origin to destination knowing toll rates and having, in addition, more accurate traff...

The concept of the sea toll program as transportation marine logistics with aim connecting major ports in archipelago so that it is hoped existence this will be able to connect remote areas. This study examines implementation policy Minister Transportation Republic Indonesia Number PM 23 2019 concerning Tariffs for Transporting Goods at Sea Carry out Public Service Obligations carried by Tanjun...

Toll encodes a receptor that is critical for dorsal-ventral patterning in the early Drosophila embryo. Previous data have suggested that the accumulation of Toll protein in the embryo temporally correlates with elongation of the poly (A) tail of the message. Here, we demonstrate that Toll mRNA is translationally activated by regulated cytoplasmic polyadenylation. We also identify a 192 nucleoti...

ITE JOURNAL / FEBRUARY 2002 TOLL FACILITIES CANNOT BE CLASsified under the same pretenses as normal freeway segments or signalized intersections because of the unique characteristics associated with toll plazas being integrated within the system. Therefore, it is difficult to examine the operational conditions and accurately report the benefits of toll facilities to the public in terms they can...