BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common disease in men over age 50 years, often causes bladder outlet obstruction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Alpha blockers in combination with muscarinic receptor antagonists may have the potential to improve symptoms. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of doxazosin or tamsulosin combined with tolterodine extend rele...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The dosage of the antimuscarinic drugs: Tolterodine ER or Trospium was increased to a higher-than-recommended dosage in patients where the manufacturer's recommended dosage had failed. All patients were suffering from neurogenic detrusor overactivity incontinence. Tolerability and success were evaluated in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one patient...

Objectives. To prospectively examine the efficacy and safety of propiverine hydrochloride in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms who poorly responded to previous treatment with solifenacin, tolterodine or imidafenacin. Methods. Patients aged ≥20 with persisting OAB symptoms (≥6 in OAB symptom score (OABSS)) even after at least 4-week treatment using solifenacin, tolterodine or imida...

We propose using ion chromatography to determine tartrate concentration in urine. A 100-microL sample of urine is diluted and injected into the chromatograph. Tartrate is eluted within 11.5 min as a distinct and well-resolved peak. The sensitivity of the standard procedure (signal-to-noise ratio, 3/1) is 30 mumol/L. The intra-run and interrun coefficients of variation are 2.5% and 4.1%, respect...

Modification of dimethyl tartrate has been investigated through transesterification with aminoalcohols to provide reactive functionalities for the covalent bonding of chiral tartrate to polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. The transesterification of dimethyl tartrate has been widely studied using different catalytic systems and reaction conditions. Through the proper selection of both the cat...

BACKGROUND Carvedilol has been shown to be superior to metoprolol tartrate to improve clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF), yet the mechanisms responsible for these differences remain unclear. We examined if there were differences in endothelial function, insulin stimulated endothelial function, 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate during treatment with carvedilol, ...

rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate (rht), one of the potential cholinesterase inhibitors, has received great attention as a new drug candidate for the treatment of alzheimer's disease. however, the bioavailability of rht from the conventional pharmaceutical forms is low because of the presence of the blood brain barrier. the main aim of the present study was to prepare positively charged eudragit r...

(sup14)C-synthetic lignin mineralization by the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora occurs at the highest rate (about 30% after 29 days) in liquid cultures containing 1% glucose and a growth-limiting amount (1 mM) of ammonium tartrate. The titers of manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase are lower in these cultures than in cultures containing 1% glucose and 10 mM ammonium tartrate, where ...

We studied several factors affecting biological variation in serum acid phosphatases in a population of 1195 apparently healthy subjects four years old or older. We assayed total acid phosphatase activities in the presence of a transphosphorylating agent and using alpha-naphthyl phosphate as substrate. The main factors modifying total and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases activities in serum...

The synthesis of the pharmaceutical (R)-tolterodine is reported using lithiation/borylation-protodeboronation of a homoallyl carbamate as the key step. This step was tested with two permutations: an electron-neutral aryl Li-carbamate reacting with an electron-rich boronic ester and an electron-rich aryl Li-carbamate reacting with an electron-neutral boronic ester. It was found that the latter a...