background and objectives : mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum are important opportunistic pathogens that cause urogenital infections and accelerated newborn delivery in pregnant women. moreover genital mycoplasmas have been implicated in different neonatal diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. this study was conducted to find out the prevalence and transmission rate of ...

INTRODUCTION Respiratory tract infections are one of the most common human infections in all age group and important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Most bacterial upper respiratory tract infections are vaccine preventable. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of carrier state of bacterial upper respiratory tract pathogens among school children. It also aimed to study their ...

In this study, we hypothesized that anatomic abnormalities of the oropharynx, particularly narrowing of the airway by the lateral pharyngeal walls, tonsils, and tongue, would be associated with an increased likelihood for obstructive apnea among patients presenting to a sleep disorders center. To test this hypothesis, we used data from a cohort of 420 patients presenting to the Penn Center for ...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M viruses have achieved a global distribution, while HIV-1 group O viruses are endemic only in particular regions of Africa. Here, we evaluated biological characteristics of group O and group M viruses in ex vivo models of HIV-1 infection. The replicative capacity and ability to induce CD4 T-cell depletion of eight group O and seven group M prim...

Introduction: Nausea and vomiting after ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery is one of the most common and notable problems facing anesthesiologists in this area. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a pharyngeal pack on the severity of nausea, vomiting, and sore throat among patients after ear, pharynx, and throat surgeries.   Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical study ...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and relative frequency of oral and pharyngeal cancers in Kermanshah, Iran, from March 1993 until March 2006.METHODS: The data used in this epidemiologic study were extracted directly from pathology records registered in 12 (all) public and private pathology centers of Kermanshah province during the 13-year study period. Th...

Oral exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 results in systemic infection, but many details surrounding virus transmission remain unresolved. We developed a mucosal model, using human palatine tonsil with intact external epithelium, to study events after oral exposure to HIV. When applied to the external epithelium, semen from an HIV-seropositive patient and cell-free virus both ...

Acute tonsillitis is an infection-related disease that causes inflammation in the tonsillar tissues. infections of palatine tonsils typically affect school-aged children, while they can people any age. The symptoms acute brought on by bacterial or viral infection include a sore throat gets worse swallowing, difficult painful fever, enlarged tender lymph nodes neck, body aches, and general feeli...

UNLABELLED Group A streptococcus (GAS) causes human pharyngitis and invasive infections and frequently colonizes individuals asymptomatically. Many lines of evidence generated over decades have shown that the hyaluronic acid capsule is a major virulence factor contributing to these infections. While conducting a whole-genome analysis of the in vivo molecular genetic changes that occur in GAS du...