PURPOSE IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) modulates the immune response by depletion of the essential amino acid tryptophan, and IDO overexpression has been shown to prolong corneal allograft survival. This study was conducted to examine the effect of kynurenines, the products of tryptophan breakdown and known to act directly on T lymphocytes, on corneal graft survival. METHODS The effects of...

The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of human reconstructed epidermis EpiSkin to assess the phototoxic potential of chemicals following topical or systemic treatment. Three categories of chemicals according to their available human phototoxic potential were evaluated: systemic phototoxic, topical phototoxic and non phototoxic chemicals. Products were applied topically or added to...

CT: computerized tomography OSCC: oral squamous cell carcinoma RMT: retromolar trigone INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has historically been treated with surgery or radiation with or without chemotherapy, all of which lead to significant posttreatment morbidity. Topical imiquimod cream has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of nonhyperkeratotic acti...

Bacterial keratitis can lead to severe visual impairment from corneal ulceration, subsequent scarring, and possible perforation. The mainstay of treatment is topical antibiotics, whereas the use of adjunctive topical corticosteroid drops remains a matter of debate. Herein, we review the rationale for and against the use of topical corticosteroids and we assess their effectiveness and safety in ...

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of local and topical anesthesia during gingival retraction in preparedabutment teeth. Material Methods: 72 patients desiring full mouth rehabilitation or bilateral fixed partialdenture same arch were selected based on inclusion criteria framed randomly allocated intoGroups A B 36 each. Patients Group received with GroupB infiltration anesthesia. All teste...

purpose : to describe the case of a 21-year-old patient with uveal effusion with no microphthalmia and any systemic disease that was treated with scleral window surgery and topical administration of mitomycin c (mmc) and zonulysis which was misdiagnose as a ring melanoma of cilliary body appeared shortly after the operation case report : a uveal effusion was detected in the eye. partial-thickne...

BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a standard treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), but the use of oral NSAIDs has been linked to an elevated risk for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse events and renal toxicity. Topical NSAIDs are thought to afford efficacy that is comparable to oral formulations while reducing widespread systemic drug exposure, which may provid...

OBJECTIVES We evaluated the alleviation of post-tonsillectomy pain with systemic and topical applications. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data obtained from 78 patients (28 females, 50 males) who had undergone tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis by conventional cold surgery were reviewed with prospective, randomized clinical study. Initially, the patients were assigned into topical and systemic dru...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various linseed oil (LO) preparations (oral, topical, oral and topical combined) in treating experimentally induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in rabbits. Twenty male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: group C (control), group OLO (oral LO), group TLO (topical LO), and group OTLO (oral and to...

Wound healing potential of different extracts of henna leaves i.e. Lawsonia inermis Linn. was evaluated on the rat excision and incision wound models. Lawsone isolated from the leaves was also screened for same pharmacological activity.It was observed that the oral administration as well as topical application of ethanol extract of henna leaves and lawsone exhibited significanthealing response ...