Amino acid transport was studied in membrane vesicles of the thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Clostridium fervidus. Neutral, acidic, and basic as well as aromatic amino acids were transported at 40 degrees C upon the imposition of an artificial membrane potential (delta psi) and a chemical gradient of sodium ions (delta microNa+). The presence of sodium ions was essential for the uptake of amin...

Paramagnetic Cu(II) ions enhance nuclear spin relaxation in a distance-dependent fashion and can be used as a structural probe of proteins. Cu(II) can also serve as a functionally important ligand in proteins. Here we investigate the structural basis of Cu(II) inhibition of the influenza M2 proton channel through Cu(II)-induced paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE). (13)C T(1) relaxation ra...

Evidence-Based Answer No differences in efficacy for pain and other symptoms of osteoarthritis have been found in direct comparisons of nonselective, selective, and partially selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Acetaminophen is modestly inferior to NSAIDs for pain relief. Among topical formulations, diclofenac is comparable to oral NSAIDs for treating localized osteoarthrit...

The partons model reveals the dynamical structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons). Studies related to thermodynamic quantities present interesting topical questions. In this work, for first time we apply Page's theory studies black holes investigate entropy a proton system. Inspired by quantum entanglement in hole information theories, establish with similar way. Based our calculations, has ...

Ketamine, in subanesthetic doses, produces systemic analgesia in chronic pain settings, an action largely attributed to block of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the spinal cord and inhibition of central sensitization processes. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors also are located peripherally on sensory afferent nerve endings, and this provided the initial impetus for exploring peripheral applicat...

To provide an adequate therapeutic effect against onychomycosis, it has been suggested that topical drugs should have two properties: drug permeability through the nail plate and into the nail bed, and retention of their antifungal activity in the disease-affected areas. Only recently has the importance of other delivery routes (such as subungual) been discussed. Efinaconazole has been shown to...

Abstract Wood is a hygroscopic material that can reach an equilibrium moisture content when ambient temperature and relative humidity are constant. Moisture affects all properties of wood, as well its preservative treatment. The behavior wood be attributed to the hydroxyl groups constituents. Since hemicellulose shows greatest water affinity, it considered main responsible for ingress into mass...