Several group key protocols have been presented in the literature to enable secrecy of communication among dynamic groups of participants. However, there is a lack of consistency in the literature in terms of operations supported and performance metrics of the various protocols. This makes it difficult for designers to choose the best protocol for their specific applications. To alleviate this ...

Three reasonable hypotheses—homogeneity in time and space, bounded velocity of propagation of information, and bounded density of information—lead to the thesis that physical phenomena can be described and simulated with cellular automata. This implication has in fact been formalized into a theorem both in the classical [6] and the quantum case [1], albeit in flat space. Further evaluating this...

INTRODUCTION Bracket debonding from the tooth surface is a common problem in fixed orthodontics. The aims of the present study were to assess the bond strength and failure sites in two ways of bonding technique, with metallic and ceramic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred premolars were assigned to 4 groups of 25 each: Group A, metallic brackets/conventional procedure; Group B, metal...

This Study aims at rock Slopes Stability for formation in limb northـeastern poor anticline (Fatha, Injana and Mukdadyah). In (5) Stations, representing all types of failures (taken place possible). General Survey included Classification engineering description according to [1][2]. The slopes the area are Classified based on direction Strike beds into Parallel Oblique Lateral [3] Slope Types Co...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of sugar-free chewing gums and also to assess the effect of dosage and frequency of intake of sugar-free gums on Streptococcus mutans count. Method : The sample consisted of 30 subjects, divided into two groups AI and AII. Each group consisted of 15 subjects. Group AI chewed two sugar-free chewing gum, twice daily for 20 mi...

A few group key protocols are analyzed, implemented and deployed, but the costs associated with them have been poorly understood. Their analysis of group key agreements performance is based on the cost of performing a single operation. In this paper we extend this analysis to examine the performance behavior of five group key protocols after execution of multiple operation. We report our experi...

Various network applications require sending data onto one or many members, maintaining security in the large groups is one of the major obstacles for controlling access. Unfortunately, IP multicast is not providing any security over the group communication. Group key management is a fundamental mechanism for secured multicast. This paper presents relevant group key management protocols. Then, ...