UNLABELLED In 2008, according to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), about 100 million adults in the United States were affected by chronic pain, including joint pain or arthritis. Pain is costly to the nation because it requires medical treatment and complicates treatment for other ailments. Also, pain lowers worker productivity. Using the 2008 MEPS, we estimated 1) the portion of tot...

This study estimates the treated prevalence of schizophrenia and the annual costs associated with the illness in Korea in 2005, from a societal perspective. Annual direct healthcare costs associated with schizophrenia were estimated from National Health Insurance and Medical Aid records. Annual direct non-healthcare costs were estimated for incarceration, transport, community mental health cent...

The UKPDS group has concluded that cost of intensive blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes is largely offset by signifi cantly reduced costs of complications and the increased time free of complications. Intensive therapy would cost an additional £1,435 per patient (£140 per year) giving a total additional annual cost of £14,000-27,000. The cost would be offset by a saving of £10,000-18,000 ...

This paper presents a simple methodology for cost estimation of a near optimal heat exchanger network, which comprises mixed materials of construction. Intraditional pinch technology and mathematical programming it is usually assumed that all heat exchangers in a network obey a single cost model. This implies that all heat exchangers  in a network are of the same type and use the same mate...

Little is reported regarding economic burden of work-related low back pain except for the United States. In the present study, annual medical cost of work-related low back pain in Japan was calculated based on the treatment fee per day, a total of days of treatment received for low-back pain of all causes, employment rates, and an estimated number of work-related low-back cases. The analysis in...

this study analyses the concept of cost functions for semi-automated straddle carrier (sc), rubber tyred gantry (rtg) and automated rail mounted gantry (rmg) container yard operating cranes. it develops a generic cost based model for a pair-wise comparison, analysis and evaluation of economic efficiency and effectiveness of container yard equipment to be used for decision-making by terminal pla...

BACKGROUND Biologic agents have revolutionized the management of psoriasis but at a higher cost compared with "traditional" agents. Cost must be considered when evaluating management options for psoriasis. OBJECTIVE To estimate the annual cost of treatment of psoriasis using biologic agents and assess the trend over the past decade. METHODS The cost of annual treatment paradigms for etanerc...

INTRODUCTION Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDI) such as fluticasone propionate and salmeterol (FP/SAL) are commonly used for the treatment of asthma in the UK. Previously, a budget impact analysis demonstrated that use of FP and formoterol fumarate (FP/FORM) pMDI as an alternative to FP/SAL pMDI, would be a cost-saving option for the UK National Health Service (NHS). This budget impact an...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to estimate the health care resources spent by type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients in Spain during the year 2002. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is a cost-of-illness study focusing on direct health care costs estimated from primary and secondary sources of information. A prevalence of diabetes ranging from 5 to 6% of the adult population was determined. ...