Pulmonary venous system development starts early in embryonic life. Abnormalities in the development of pulmonary venous system occur either by the absence of common pulmonary vein communication to the splanchnic plexus or by the absence of its incorporation into the dorsal wall of the left atrium. We present the case of a 10-day-old male newborn, diagnosed with TAPVC, operated, with long recov...

In three newborn infants with infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, the common pulmonary vein was visualized with two-dimensional echocardiography and validated with saline contrast injections. The transducer was placed in the subcostal region in a sagittal body plane so as to image the descending aorta and the vertebral column. The common pulmonary vein, which connect...

Abstract Dual drainage or double-connection total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare variant in which all four veins enter common chamber that then drains into the systemic via two more channels at supracardiac, cardiac, infra-cardiac levels. The traditional classification of connection (TAPVC) does not categorize dual separately. We present case TAPVR with 6-year-old child var...

The echocardiographic features of the enlarged coronary sinus are described in eight patients with a left superior vena cava draining to the coronary sinus and two patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the coronary sinus. The diagnosis was confirmed in each patient by cardiac catheterization and surgery. On the M-mode echocardiogram, a dense echo was present posterior to ...

The aim of this study was to estimate the costs and the health benefits of the following interventions: increasing access to improved water supply and sanitation facilities, increasing access to in house piped water and sewerage connection, and providing household water treatment, in ten WHO sub-regions. The cost-effectiveness of each intervention was assessed in terms of US dollars per disabil...

BACKGROUND Infants with isolated totally anomalous pulmonary venous return often present severely decompensated, such that they are at high risk for surgical repair. On the other hand, if surgical repair can be safely accomplished, the outlook is usually good. Thus prenatal diagnosis would be expected to improve the prognosis for the affected child. OBJECTIVE To describe the features of isola...