Background: Butter is one of the oldest dairy products known in the world and plays an important role in human nutrition. The aim of this study was evaluating of the microbial quality of traditional   and industrial butter marketed in Zanjan. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 29 samples of butter were investigated in 2 groups which 24 samples were of trad...

The samples were stored at -18oC and undergone microbial analysis, chemical characteristics and sensory evaluation at 2-month intervals. Mean bacterial loads and coliform counts were 7.1×10±2.0×10 and 1.9×10±7.1×10 CFU/g. In this study, frozen storage was more effective than either treatment alone at decreasing total and coliform counts. Microbial analysis indicated that freezing storage had a ...

Fecal contamination and organic pollution of an agricultural drainage in northeast Indiana was high. Bacterial counts (total coliform, TC; fecal coliform, FC; and fecal streptococcus, FS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were used to assess waste concentrations. Coliform counts indicated that sections of the drainage receiving septic effluent had waste concentrations far in excess of public ...

In July 1999, California's ocean recreational bacterial water quality standards were changed from a total coliform (TC) test to a standard requiring testing for all three bacterial indicators: TC, fecal coliforms (FC), and enterococci (EC). To compare the relationship between the bacterial indicators, and the effect that changing the standards would have on recreational water regulatory actions...

Investigations concerning the role of distribution system biofilms on water quality were conducted at a drinking water utility in New Jersey. The utility experienced long-term bacteriological problems in the distribution system, while treatment plant effluents were uniformly negative for coliform bacteria. Results of a monitoring program showed increased coliform levels as the water moved from ...

INTRODUCTION Reports of increasing resistance of uropathogens to antimicrobials is of global concern. Culture and drug susceptibility tests remain a vital guide to effective therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility pattern of isolated uropathogens to ciprofloxacin at the Ghana Police Hospital. METHODS A total of 705 mid-stream urine samples were collected from patien...

Thirumullavaram temple pond associated with Sree Mahavishnu temple is located very close to the Arabian sea in Kollam municipality of Kerala. Physicochemical characteristics of water and sediment, productivity, plankton count, coliform count and correlation coefficients of various parameters were analysed for a period of one year from June 1999 to May 2000. It showed that the water characterist...

We exposed water samples from a recreational lake dominated by the cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). An addition of 0.33 mg·L-1 of H2O2 was the lowest effective dose for the decay of chlorophyll-a concentration to half of the original in 14 h with light and 17 h in experiments without light. With 3.33 mg·L-1 of H2O2, the values of the ...

Coliform mastitis is tremendously important to the dairy industry for several reasons. First, it has become the predominant form of clinical mastitis and current management practices favor an increase in incidence. Second, coliform organisms cause some of the most severe cases of clinical mastitis. Third, as present trends in the dairy industry of increasing milk quality continue, environmental...

OBJECTIVE The presence of coliform bacteria indicates a watershed risk for harboring microbes capable of causing human disease. We hypothesized that water from watersheds that have different human- or animal-use patterns would have differing risks for the presence of coliform bacteria. METHODS; Water was collected in wilderness areas of the Sierra Nevada range in California. A total of 60 sites...