Fertilization is a hallmark event of sexual reproduction marked by the fusion of male and female gamete to form zygote. It is a highly complex, yet a robust process that is intricately regulated by various signalling molecules. A healthy fertilization is determined by the quality of zygote which is contingent on the health of egg and sperm. The relationship between infertility and gametic healt...

In animal fertilization, multiple sperms typically arrive at an egg cell to "win the race" for fertilization. However, in flowering plants, only one of many pollen tubes, conveying plant sperm cells, usually arrives at each ovule that harbors an egg cell. Plant fertilization has thus been thought to depend on the fertility of a single pollen tube. Here we report a fertilization recovery phenome...

Background: RIF is the most common cause of unsuccessful pregnancy after IVF. Among the various causes of RIF, the role of maternal genetic factors is of great significance. PAI-1 polymorphism is one of the notable polymorphisms in this field. In this study, the relationship between this polymorphism and the recurrent spontaneous abortions and infertility in different populations has been inves...

Sperm competition does not occur in flowering plants as typically only a single pair of sperm cells is delivered for double fertilization. Two recent reports show that plants are capable of avoiding reproductive failure when defective sperm cells are released.

Grassland managements can affect carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage in grassland ecosystems with consequent feedbacks to climate change. We investigated the impacts of compound fertilization and clipping on grass biomass, plant and soil (0-20 cm depth) C, N storage, plant and soil C: N ratios, soil microbial activity and diversity, and C, N sequestration rates in grassland in situ in the Natio...

In order to discover the advantages and disadvantages of different fertilization regimes and identify the best management practice of fertilization in greenhouse fields, soil enzyme activities involved in carbon (C) transformations, soil chemical characteristics, and crop yields were monitored after long-term (20-year) fertilization regimes, including no fertilizer (CK), 300 kg N ha-1 and 600 k...

The actual time of death or total longevity of an organism is determined either by the innate rate of physiological decline or by the rate of ageing and also by the severity of the extrinsic challenges destabilizing its homeostatic balance. Ageing is a highly complex phenomenon whose proper understanding involves the elucidation of many processes besides those involved in debilitation during th...

objective: repeated implantation failure (rif) is a condition in which the embryos implantation decreases in the endometrium. so, our aim was to evaluate the effect of local endometrial injury on embryo transfer results. materials and methods: in this simple randomized clinical trial (rct), a total of 120 patients were selected. the participants were less than 40 years old, and they are in thei...

BACKGROUND Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a metalloprotease with two isoforms. The somatic isoform is a key component of the renin-angiotensin system; its main function is to hydrolyse angiotensin I into angiotensin II. The germinal or testicular isoform (tACE) located at the plasma membrane of the spermatozoa, plays a crucial role in the spermatozoa-oocyte interaction during in vivo fe...