the aim of this study was to assess the effect of several doses of spearmint essential oil (seo; 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1,000 µg ml-1 buffered rumen fluid) on the fermentation kinetic and digestibility using in vitro gas production technique. a total mixed ration (30% roughage: 70% concentrate) was incubated with buffered rumen fluid. in vitro gas production, asymptotic gas production (a), rate of...

four in vitro experiments (exp.) were conducted to evaluate lavender essential oil (leo) effects at 0 (control), 250 (low dose), 500 (medium dose), 750 and 1000 µl per l(high doses) of incubation medium on rumen gas production kinetics (exp.1), ruminal digestibility and fermentation (exp.2), methane production (exp.3) and rumen acidosis (exp.4). the asymptote of gas production (a) increased qua...

Environmental stress factors affect plant production more and every day. One of these is salinity. The use biostimulants increasing day by gaining importance in order to reduce the effects increase yield quality production. Chitosan (Ch) one whose agriculture Seeds rapeseed cultivars were used this study, it an important oil plant. In times priming applications with Ch (3 times) [0 (control) (C...

The effects of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDG) on in vitro rate of gas production, IVDMD, H(2)S production, and VFA were evaluated. Five substrate treatments that were balanced for ether extract content were arranged in a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial. Factors were concentration (15 or 30%; DM basis) and source of WDG (corn or sorghum WDG; CDG and SDG, respectively) plus a 0% WDG control in sub...

Schemata and the schema theorem, although criticised, are often used to explain why genetic algorithms (GAs) work. A considerable research eeort has been produced recently to extend the GA schema theory to Genetic Programming (GP). In this paper we review the main results available to date in the theory of schemata for GP and some recent experimental work on schemata.

Stems, skins, seeds, and pulp are grape pomace (GP) components formed as by-products during wine production. The GP share represents about 25% of the total amount processed grapes, which is a significant organic waste (OW) that can be treated in composting process. purpose paper to consider possibility their use by presenting basic characteristics potentials other available fractions OW agricul...

This paper examines determinants of creditor recoveries from defaulted debt instruments. First, we argue that to properly measure a debt instrument’s relative position in a firm’s debt structure, debt pari passu to the instrument must be accounted for. We thus propose a new measure of seniority and find that it is the most important determinant of recovery rates. Second, firm-level variables, e...

The production of gas gaps, the core components of the Forward RPCs in the CMS experiment, has reached a mature stage of the production stream. A total of 360 gas gaps, equivalent to 120 RPCs, has been manufactured, tested for quality control, and delivered to CERN in Switzerland and to Pakistan, where the complete Forward RPCs are being assembled. In this paper, the layout of the gas gaps, the...