We deene the notion of total algorithms for networks of processes. A total algorithm enforces that a \decision" is taken by a subset of the processes, and that participation of all processes is required to reach this decision. Total algorithms are an important building block in the design of distributed algorithms. For some important network control problems it can be shown that an algorithm so...

7,000 plant species for food but today around 20 species provide 90 per cent of the global human diet. Of the 7,100 varieties of apple recorded in America a century ago, 6,800 have now been lost. And there are worries, for example, that the maize staple in southern Africa may be under increasing challenge from climate change. Svalbard provides " the last line in the defence against the extincti...

In this paper, we analyse a concept of total knowledge based on the idea that an agent’s total knowledge is the strongest proposition the agent knows. We propose semantics for propositional and first-order languages with a modal operator TK representing total knowledge, and establish a result showing that total knowledge is ‘epistemically categorical’, in the sense that it determines the agent’...

W ritten by and primarily for experts in the field of discrete to-mography (DT) and its applications, students, programmers, scientists, and engineers alike will find a wealth of well-presented theoretical and practical material in Advances in Discrete To-mography and Its Applications. Gabor T. Herman is a prolific author and pioneer in the computerized tomography (CT) field and is recognized w...

T oday, human-computer interfaces (HCIs) are rather physical in nature. The communication of information from and to computers is limited to the capabilities of individual input and output devices. With a typing speed of less than 50 words per minute and a reading rate of less than 300 words per minute, my transmission rate to and from my laptop is far lower than the communication bandwidth of ...

The history is critical in the diagnosis of otosclerosis. The typical symptoms of otosclerotic deafness are a gradually increasing unilateral or bilateral hearing loss, most frequently occurring between the end of the second and fifth decades; the presence of paracusis of Willis, and tinnitus. In two thirds of the patients, there is a family history of deafness with autosomal dominant pattern o...

Total laryngectomy since it was first performed more than a century ago has undergone numerous modifications with increasing attention to voice restoration. Function preservation has also been achieved by voice sparing surgical procedures, and organ preservation strategies with chemoradiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma. However, total laryngectomy remains the standard of care for very advanced ...