We report the detection of crystalline water ice on the surface of 2003 EL61. Reflectance spectra were collected from Gemini North telescope from 1.0 to 2.4 μm wavelength range, and from the Keck telescope across the 1.4 to 2.4 μm wavelength range. The signature of crystalline water ice is obvious in all data collected. Like the surfaces of many outer solar system bodies, the surface of 2003 EL...

Surface texturization is well known as one of the major paths to improve the conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells by increasing the short-circuit current through the enhancement in antireflection property and effective photon trapping. Compared to the antireflection coating, it is more lasting and effective process. The anisotropic texturing of a (100) n-type monocrystalline silicon sur...

We report the detection of crystalline water ice on the surface of 2003 EL61. Reflectance spectra were collected from the Gemini North telescope in the 1.0 to 2.4 mwavelength range and from the Keck telescope across the 1.4Y 2.4 mwavelength range. The signature of crystalline water ice is obvious in all data collected. Like the surfaces of many outer solar system bodies, the surface of 2003 EL6...

Surface texturization is well known as one of the major paths to improve the conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells by increasing the short-circuit current through the enhancement in antireflection property and effective photon trapping. Compared to the antireflection coating, it is more lasting and effective process. The anisotropic texturing of a (100) n-type monocrystalline silicon sur...

The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the Earth’s surface describes the directional and spectral variation of reflectance of a surface element. It is required for precise determination of important geophysical parameters such as albedo. BRDF can be estimated using reflectance data acquired at large 3D angular spread of solar illumination and detector directions and visib...

Modeling the anisotropic reflectance of snow will be important for various applications, like climatology, meteorology and water management. Accurate climatic and meteorological modeling of energy balance needs to take the anisotropic effect into account. This is also the case for accurate snow-cover mapping for water management. This paper describes the development of an empirical model for th...

Fluorescence-based approaches for determining phytoplankton biomass have been under-utilized in comparison to applications based on blue/green wavelength reflectance ratios. In part, the under utilization is due to attenuation of the fluorescence signal by high water absorption in the red, in contrast to the greater transmission, and hence, depth penetration, of blue and green wavelengths. In n...

The diagnosis of seborrheic keratoses (SK) undergoing regression can be challenging clinically and dermoscopically. We report a case of a SK with a history of change and equivocal dermoscopic features, thereby showing confocal features suggestive of solar lentigo/early SK. The present case emphasizes the potential value of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in the differentiation of malignan...

The need for anisotropic soil reflectance in canopy reflectance modeling is assessed for different sampling and canopy conditions. Based on the results for grasslands, a soil model is inverted with ground-based radiometer data from the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE). A general solution applicable over different spectral bands, sol...

Silicon (Si)/organic polymer hybrid solar cells have great potential for becoming cost-effective and efficient energy-harvesting devices. We report herein on the effects of polymer coverage and the rear electrode on the device performance of Si/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hybrid solar cells with micro-pyramidal structures. These hybrid solar cells provid...