⎯We consider a two-echelon supply chain with two retailers and one supplier. The retailers are supplied by the supplier who makes all the decisions and bears all the inventory risk. Throughout this paper, we consider two different inventory systems: a reserved inventory system and a pooled inventory system. With the reserved inventory system, the supplier keeps separate inventories for each ret...

We present a novel simulation platform called Optimization, Simulation, and Forecasting (OSF) for the domain of manufacturing and logistics supply-chain systems. It supports composition of DEVS, Linear Program (LP), and forecast models using an extended Knowledge Interchange Broker (KIB). Models developed in DEVS-Suite simulator, OPL-Studio optimization, and a heuristic Inventory Strategy Forec...

High amounts of waste paper are disposed of every year in Iran posing the health hazard and environmental damages instead of being recovered. Collection, recovery and proper disposal of waste paper without damaging the environment need to design an efficient closed-loop supply chain network. The main objective of this paper is introducing a bi-objective, multi-echelon, multi-product and single-...

this paper aims to evaluate inventory cost of a two-echelon serial supply chain system under vendor managed inventory program with stochastic demand, and examine the effect of environmental factors on the cost of overall system. for this purpose, we consider a two-echelon serial supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer. under vendor managed inventory program, the decision on inventory le...

  This paper aims to evaluate inventory cost of a Two-echelon serial supply chain system under vendor managed inventory program with stochastic demand, and examine the effect of environmental factors on the cost of overall system. For this purpose, we consider a two-echelon serial supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer. Under Vendor managed inventory program, the decision on inventory ...

The paper presents a generic collaboration scheme for supply networks that is based on practical assumptions motivated by the automotive industry. Primarily, it is decentralized, allows autonomous decision making at the partners, and requires a relatively simple information exchange between immediate partners in a supply chain. Within this scheme called Dynamic Supply Loops (DSL), it is possibl...

Bullwhip costs money, wastes resources, and loses customers. So drawing on a basis of analytical, simulation and experiential techniques, the authors’ present four material flow principles which can be recommended as strategies to reduce the bullwhip effect. A real-world case study from the precision mechanical engineering sector is employed to illustrate the effect of rapid response manufactur...

This paper investigates supply chain coordination with side-payment contracts. We …rst summarize speci…c side-payment contracts and present our review on the literature that developed general sidepayment schemes to coordinate supply chains. Following our review, we discuss two criteria that a proper side-payment contract must satisfy, and accordingly introduce a decision-dependent transfer paym...

The theory on multi-echelon production/inventory systems is a core theory within supply chain management. It provides useful insights for design of supply chains and may be used for tactical and operational planning decisions. The multi-echelon theory started with the seminal paper of Clark and Scarf in 1960. In this tutorial, we describe for which systems optimal policies are known, which key ...