Ethical intuitionists like W.D. Ross adopt the common sense view that there is an irreducible plurality of types of ethically relevant considerations. They furthermore hold that there is no explicit method determining how to move from facts about which considerations are present to a conclusion about what it would be right to do. In order to systematize our moral reasoning, ethical intuitionist...

The 1991 Delaware court ruling involving Credit Lyonnais expanded the fiduciary duties of managers towards debtholders in the event that a firm is within the proximity of insolvency. Using a difference-in-differences approach that exploits this exogenous shock, we find that the 1991 ruling induced managers of Delaware firms ex ante to place a greater emphasis on investments that foster long-ter...

A survey was conducted of a sample of AAPL members to determine their opinions on the inclusion of controversial ethical guidelines for forensic psychiatry. Members appear to appreciate the need to consider traditional Hippocratic values as at least one consideration in their functioning as forensic psychiatrists. They appear to balance their duties to an evaluee with duties to society and the ...

Evolutionary Computation (EC) is now a few decades old. The impressive development of the field since its initial conception has made it one of the most vigorous research areas, specifically from an applied viewpoint. This should not hide the existence of some major gaps in our understanding on these techniques. In this essay we propose a number of challenging tasks that –according to our opini...

iran, in the qājār period, underwent many changes in political, social, and administrative fields. this research tries to study the changes in one of the urban positions, i.e. the position of a village chief (kadkhudā), by means of examining its historical background as well as its duties and functions, since kadkhudā as one of the social high ranking officials in iran and a subdivision of the ...

Background: Infantile obesity is becoming increasingly recognized as one of the public health problems in Iran. Objective: Obesity charts of a cohort of 317 healthy infants and their parents living in Shiraz (Southern Iran) are presented and the familial pattern of infants’ obesity with that of its parents explored. Methods: An adjusted weight-for-height index was used to develop power type obe...

Mitochondrial DNA stays home M itochondria stow their DNA in structures called nucleoids. As Gilkerson et al. reveal, nucleoids are selfi sh and don’t share their DNA with each other. The results might help explain some quirks of mitochondrial inheritance and support a proposed treatment strategy for illnesses caused by defects in the organelles. A nucleoid can house up to 10 copies of a mitoch...