Iota toxin is produced by Clostridium perfringens type E. This toxin causes antibiotic-associated enterotoxemia in lambs and calves. Iota toxin is a binary toxin that has two components including Ia (the enzyme component) and Ib (the binding component). Ib binds to the surface receptor of target cells and translocate Ia into the cytosol of cells. The aim of this study was to clone toxigenic epi...

The structural gene for diphtheria toxin, tox, has been modified at its Sph I site by the introduction of an oligonucleotide linker encoding a unique Pst I restriction endonuclease site and a synthetic oligonucleotide encoding alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). The resulting fusion gene directs the expression of a diphtheria toxin-related alpha-MSH hybrid protein in which the dip...

The sphinganine analog mycotoxin, AAL-toxin, induces a death process in plant and animal cells that shows apoptotic morphology. In nature, the AAL-toxin is the primary determinant of the Alternaria stem canker disease of tomato, thus linking apoptosis to this disease caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici. The product of the baculovirus p35 gene is a specific inhibitor of a class of ...

Tex was originally identified in Bordetella pertussis, where it serves as a transcriptional regulator of toxin genes. However, the Tex of Streptococcus pneumoniae has no regulatory function in the expression of the pneumococcal major toxin pneumolysin. Here, we identified the CPE2168 gene as Tex in Clostridium perfringens, and examined the roles of Tex in toxin gene expression. We found that th...

genetic epidemiological studies strongly suggest that additive and interactive genes, each with small effects, mediate the genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia. with the human genome working draft at hand, candidate gene (and ultimately large-scale genome-wide) association studies are gaining renewed interest in the effort to unravel the complex genetics of schizophrenia. linkage and fine ma...

background: several influential factors such as transcription factors and intracellular signaling components are involved in differentiation of stem cells into a specific lineage. p15 and p16 proteins are among these factors. accumulating evidences has introduced the epigenetic as a master regulator of these factors during lineage specification. the main objective of this study is to determine ...

conclusions this is the first report of expression of cmv cp gene in iran, which is important for the preparation of anti-cmv antibody and paving the way for the use of the virus coat protein as a nanomaterial. results the identity of the expressed protein was confirmed by immunoassays such as western blot, dot-immunobinding assay (diba) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) by the use ...

background: zinc (zn) as an important trace element is essential for testicular development and spermatogenesis. molecular mechanism of zn action in the reproductive system may be related to metal binding low-molecular weight proteins, metallothioneins (mt). our objective was to determine the effect of zn on two important isoforms of mt, mt1m and mt1g genes expression on testicular sertoli cell...

objective(s):  apoptosis is a tightly regulated process and plays a crucial role in autoimmune diseases. because abnormalities in apoptosis are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), in present study we studied the apoptosis in t lymphocytes from iranian sle patientsat protein and gene expression levels for some molecules which are involved in apopt...

extracellular ca 2+ concentration ([ca2+]o) may be one of the factors affecting atrial natriuretic factor (anf) release. in the previous studies, there are opposite reports about the effect of [ca2+]o on anf secretion. therefore, the effect of [ca2+]o depletion on anf secretion and gene expression was studied in the present research. isolated right atria from rats were perfused for 6 and 2 hour...