Premature infants receiving chronic total parenteral nutrition (TPN) due to feeding intolerance develop intestinal atrophy and reduced nutrient absorption. Although providing the intestinal trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) during chronic TPN improves intestinal growth and morphology, it is uncertain whether GLP-2 enhances absorptive function. We placed catheters in the carotid ar...

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) leads a loss of epithelial barrier function, decline in epithelial cell (EC) proliferation, and decreased expression of E-cadherin. As a large portion of intracellular beta-catenin is tightly associated with E-cadherin, we hypothesized that the loss of E-cadherin would result in a redistribution of intracellular beta-catenin, and could be a contributing mechanis...

In this paper, we consider the time Petri net model (TPN model) and show how to detect zenoness using the state class method. Zenoness is a situation which suggests that an infinity of actions may take place in a finite amount of time. This behavior is often considered as pathological since it violates a fundamental requirement for timed systems for they cannot be infinitely fast. Models violat...

It has previously been shown that cell-free extracts of Acetobacter subozydans possess two pathways for the oxidation of sorbitol (1). In the presence of DPN,l fructose is produced; with TPN, sorbose is formed. The primary purpose of this paper is to describe the separation of these two dehydrogenases from each other. The DPN enzyme free from TPN activity has been concentrated about lBfold, whe...

Ladder Diagram (LD) is the most used programming language for Programmable Logical Controllers (PLCs). A PLC is a special purpose industrial computer used to automate industrial processes. Bugs in LD programs are very costly and sometimes are even a threat to human safety. We propose a model driven approach for formal verification of LD programs through model-checking. We provide a metamodel fo...

1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran [email protected] 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran [email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper the real time operation of an automatic teller machine (ATM) is analyzed using a Timed Petri Net (TPN) model. In the modeling, the probabili...

BACKGROUND To identify the microorganisms that can grow rapidly in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions, we investigated the growth of the major causes of catheter-related blood stream infection (Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans) in TPN solutions containing lipid. METHODS The pH value of a TPN solution containing lipid (pH 6.0, containing...

In order to determine whether lithocholic acid (LCA) contributes to the occurrence of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) associated intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) in neonates, we investigated the serum bile acid fractions of neonates on TPN. Twenty-five surgical neonates, receiving TPN for more than 2 weeks were studied. TPN associated IHC was defined as serum defect bilirubin greater than 2.0 mg...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of early nasogastric enteral nutrition (EN) with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS From July 2008 to July 2014,185 patients with SAP admitted to our centre were enrolled in this retrospective study. They were divided into EN group (n=89) and TPN group (n=96) based on the nutrition support mod...

BACKGROUND Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a form of nutritional support that has become an essential adjunct to the management of patients who are unable to obtain adequate nutrition either via the oral or enteral route. Previous studies indicate that TPN can be administered safely and effectively to patients; however, there are associated risks with this form of nutritional support. Resea...