The article is devoted to commercial secrets as a special object of intellectual property. authors the conducted comprehensive analysis current legal framework and problems related protection trade secrets, focusing on complexities associated with in various jurisdictions, including Germany, France, United Kingdom Ukraine.The found that technology advances at an unprecedented rate, it becomes i...

• Using panel data covering 112 countries and 45 years, we study developing countries’ incentive to enforce IPR. We show that IPR enforcement is U-shaped in a country’s market size inverse-U-shaped the aggregated of its trade partners. The effect entirely driven by partners strongly next impact strengthening protection on innovation countries. find stronger negatively impacts patents export dis...

In this paper, we present one of the first direct microeconometric studies of the impact of trade protection on household income in Ghana. Tariff measures at the two-digit ISIC level are matched to Ghanaian household survey data for 1991/92 and 1998/99 to represent the tariff for the industry in which the household head is employed. We examine the possibility that the effect of protection on in...