In this article, tragedy and utopia are juxtaposed, and it is proposed that the problem of "medicalisation" is better understood in a framework of tragedy than in a utopian one. In utopia, it is presupposed that there is an error behind every setback and every side effect, whereas tragedy brings to light how side effects can be the result of irreconcilable conflicts. Medicalisation is to some e...

Many of the world’s major renewable resource stocks are in a state of decline. This is true for capture fisheries, for forests in developing countries, and for many measures of the biosphere’s health. Other renewable resources, including many species of wildlife, marine mammals, and Coral reefs, are also under threat. While poverty and government corruption are surely responsible for some of th...

OBJECTIVE Within days of each other, 2 catastrophic fires occurred in Kenya. On January 28, 2009, a busy supermarket was destroyed in downtown Nairobi. Shortly thereafter on February 2, an overturned petrol tanker exploded near the village of Molo, 200 km from the capital. These 2 disasters, in an urban and a rural setting, respectively, illustrate the lack of disaster readiness on a local and ...

The natural and social sciences have recognized for some time that when rational agents use a shared resource (a \commons") near its capacity, the resource is doomed. This is the tragedy of the commons. The same problem will also arise when agents in a distributed AI system share a resource. In this paper, we examine the tragedy of the commons as it applies to DAI and discuss several potential ...

contamination and perhaps towards women. Plague and leprosy also increased fears of contamination and contagion, and encouraged the association of bodily affliction with moral corruption, although the link between leprosy and "sexual depravity" was not as "inextricable" as the authors assert. But there were many other reasons for changing attitudes towards deviance, sin and the body, and for ne...

Congenital syngnathia is an extremely rare condition with no standardized treatment. We hereby report a case highlighting the difficulties faced in its management and the postoperative complications.

We are praised and blamed for things of which we are causes, not things for which necessity, nature,chance or other human beings are causes. In his ethical writings Aristotle restricts moral responsibility to those actions an agent performs voluntarily. Only voluntary actions are candidates for praise and blame, reward and punishment. Voluntary actions meet two conditions: they have their causa...