OBJECTIVE Two procedures for treating major depressive disorder were compared with regard to their respective effects on mood and cognition. BACKGROUND Fourteen patients underwent treatment with electroconvulsive therapy and 14 underwent treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Patients were tested on three occasions: before initiation of treatment, at the end of treatment...

There are currently two techniques to manipulate brain function non-invasively: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). These brain stimulation techniques work to cause long-term change within the brain. We have been combining noninvasive brain stimulation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the plasticity of brain...

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, or TMS, is a technique in which a brief electrical current passes through a coil of wires, thereby generating a strong magnetic field that is perpendicular to the axis of the coil. The magnetic field can pass through tissues such as skin, muscle, and bone and extend into the brain. The rapidly rising and falling magnetic field generates a brief electrical disc...

Cognitive neuroscience studies how the physical structure of the brain subserves the cognitive processes of the mind. Such studies with humans are hampered by technical difficulties. One classic approach to human subject studies has been observing the cognitive performance of individuals who have suffered focal brain injuries. More recently, non-invasive brain monitoring has allowed investigati...

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To estimate the effects of TMS alone compared with sham TMS or with 'standard management' and any other comparison interventions in reducing psychotic symptoms associated with schizophrenia.

Electrical current flowing through a coil induces a magnetic field. This is the basis for MRI, a technology that has been groundbreaking in furthering our understanding of the human brain with respect to structure and function. Correspondingly, changes in magnetic fields can also induce electrical currents. When applied in proximity to live brain tissue, alternating magnetic fields can induce e...

We discovered that the contemporary procedure for assessing voluntary activation of knee extensor muscles with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is invalid. TMS activates too few agonist quadriceps motoneurons and many antagonist hamstrings to estimate resting twitch accurately. A modified procedure, in which TMS-evoked superimposed twitches are considered together from femoral nerve stim...

Promising results in adult neurologic and psychiatric disorders are driving active research into transcranial brain stimulation techniques, particularly transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), in childhood and adolescent syndromes. TMS has realistic utility as an experimental tool tested in a range of pediatric neuropathologies such as perinat...