This study examined the effect of fermented ginseng (FG) on memory impairment and β-amyloid (Aβ) reduction in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro and in vivo. FG extract was prepared by steaming and fermenting ginseng. In vitro assessment measured soluble Aβ42 levels in HeLa cells, which stably express the Swedish mutant form of amyloid precursor protein. After 8 h incubation with the F...

Transgenic animals present unique possibilities for medical, agricultural and fundamental research, and as a means of producing valuable pharmaceutical and nutrient products. Their use has increased dramatically in recent years and is set to increase further in the near future. It has been claimed that transgenic animals might allow reduction and refinement in animal use, via more-precise gene ...

Model organisms are essential to study the genetic basis of human diseases. Transgenic mammalian models, especially genetic knock-out mice have catalysed the progress in this area. To continue the advancement, further sophisticated and refined models are crucially needed to study the genetic basis and manifestations of numerous human diseases. Coinciding with the start of the new era of post-ge...

A variety of transgenic animal models has been developed to elucidate in vivo the functions of gonadotrophin genes. Some of these have focused on regulatory aspects through expression of gonadotrophin subunit promoter-driven reporter genes. Others have been carried out by overexpression or targeted disruption of specific gonadotrophin subunit genes, or by eliminating pituitary gonadotroph cells...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive dysfunctions. A central pathological event of AD is accumulation and deposition of cytotoxic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain parenchyma. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and the side chains heparan sulfate (HS) are found associated with Aβ deposits in the brains of AD...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of multiparametric spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging using oxygen saturation, total hemoglobin, and lipid content to differentiate among four different breast histologies (normal, hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive breast carcinoma) in a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal studies were ...

BACKGROUND Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that dimebon, a drug originally designed and used as a non-selective antihistamine, ameliorates symptoms and delays progress of mild to moderate forms of Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. Although the mechanism of dimebon action on pathological processes in degenerating brain is elusive, results of studies carried out in cell cultures an...

The abnormal deposition of fibrillar beta-amyloid (A?) deposits in the brain is one major histopathological hallmarks Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we characterized curcumin-derivative CRANAD-2 for multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography and fluorescence imaging A? arcA? mouse model AD cerebral amyloidosis. showed a specific quantitative detection fibrils vitro, even complex mixtures, it capab...

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity decreases eicosanoid production and prevents lung cancer in animal models. Prostaglandin (PG) I(2) (PGI(2), prostacyclin) is a PGH(2) metabolite with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic properties. The instability of PGI(2) has limited its evaluation in animal models of cancer. We hypothesized that pulmonary overexpression of pros...

Parkinson disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder, characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. While the cause of this disease is largely unknown, a rare autosomal dominant familial form of PD is caused by a genetic mutation in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene that presumably leads to a gain-of-function of LRRK2 kinase ac...