Reduced impact of ischemia after an initial ischemic insult—ischemic preconditioning—has been demonstrated in a number of animal models. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) may produce ischemic preconditioning in people who have a subsequent stroke within days of an initial ischemic insult. We performed a cohort study of all 1707 patients given a diagnosis of TIA by an emergency department physicia...

In a community-based study of transient ischemic attack and stroke, we identified 184 cases of transient ischemic attack and 213 cases of first-ever minor ischemic stroke. A comparison of age, sex, and prevalence of coexistent vascular diseases and risk factors revealed no major differences between the two groups. The risk of further stroke and of further stroke and/or death was greater in pati...

In a community-based study of transient ischemic attack and stroke, we identified 184 cases of transient ischemic attack and 213 cases of first-ever minor ischemic stroke. A comparison of age, sex, and prevalence of coexistent vascular diseases and risk factors revealed no major differences between the two groups. The risk of further stroke and of further stroke and/or death was greater in pati...

Introduction Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a medium-size and large artery vasculitis of unknown aetiology affecting mainly the aorta and its major branches, usually in young female patients. Histopathology reveals adventitial thickening, focal lymphocytic infiltration of the tunica media and intimal hyperplasia leading to artery stenosis/occlusion. Less commonly media degeneration presents as aneu...

1. Miyamoto T, Neuman Y, Luo H, et al. Coronary vasodilation by noninvasive transcutaneous ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41: 1623–7. 2. Kipshidze NN, Chapidze G, Shperling LV, et al. USSR patent no. 1172554: method for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial ischemia. January 18, 1982. 3. McPherson DD, Holland CK. Seizing the science of ultrasound: beyond imaging and into physiolog...

In colonoscopic study, benign colorectal strictures with or without symptomatic pain are not rarely encountered. Benign colorectal stricture can be caused by a number of problems, such as anastomotic stricture after surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, postendoscopic submucosal dissection, diverticular disease, ischemic colitis, and so on. There are various modalities for the management of beni...