the 13c chemical shifts for a series of compounds which includes carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ethers, ketones and hydrocarbons were simulated by using the parametric techniques. the observed chemical shifts were related to numerically encoded structural parametes called descriptors. two new electronic descriptors were added to the previous descriptors. ploting of experimental versus calculated ...

Abstract One of the important applications for which natural language processing (NLP) is used machine translation (MT) system, automatically converts one to another. It has witnessed various paradigm shifts since its inception. Statistical (SMT) dominated MT research decades. In recent past, researchers have focused on developing systems based artificial neural networks (ANN). this paper, firs...

‎In the following text for arbitrary $X$ with at least two elements‎, ‎nonempty countable set $Gamma$‎ ‎we make a comparative study on the collection of generalized shift dynamical systems like $(X^Gamma,sigma_varphi)$ where $varphi:GammatoGamma$ is an arbitrary self-map‎. ‎We pay attention to sub-systems and combinations of generalized shifts with counterexamples regarding Devaney‎, ‎exact Dev...

Translation Environment Tools make translators' work easier by providing them with term lists, translation memories and machine translation output. Ideally, such tools automatically predict whether it is more effortful to post-edit than to translate from scratch, and determine whether or not to provide translators with machine translation output. Current machine translation quality estimation s...

Abstract This study seeks to provide physical insight into the friction-driven crawling locomotion of systems with radially symmetric bodies. Laboratory experiments a tripedal robot show that both translation and rotation can be achieved just three independently actuated rigid limbs, i.e., 3 degrees-of-freedom. These observations are rationalized using simple mathematical model, which assumes f...

this study was conducted to identify and compare the strategies applied by two native farsi translators in rendering the culture specific items (csis) of a literary text titled savushun in their english translations. in this study, csis refer to the materials, social customs, religious concepts, and traditions available in one language and culture but nonexistent in the other language and cultu...

setting standards for translation assessment has usually been problematic for authorities, theoreticians, and most commonly instructors. it is often difficult to tell the difference between translation evaluation, criticism, and assessment due to hardships of bridging the gap between theory and practice. the aim of this study was to create a rubric against which translations could be assessed. ...

This study discusses class and semantic shifts of adverbs modality in the Korean short story its Bahasa Indonesia translation anthology ‘Langit dan Kupu-Kupu. aims to identify how original text change into a different word target text. The sources data this were six stories entitled ‘Dua Generasi yang Teraniaya’, ‘Seoul Musim Dingin 1964’, ‘Jalan ke Sampho’, ‘Bung Kim di Kampung Kami’, ‘Dinihar...