A single chip 2.4GHz low power CMOS receiver and transmitter for WPAN applications are implemented and measured. The receiver uses a low-IF architecture with a polyphase filter and transistor linearization technique to improve linearity per power, and the transmitter adopts a ROM based direct-conversion architecture for low power consumption and high integrated density. Experimental results sho...

We propose and demonstrate a novel and cost-effective optical transmitter based on incoherent-light-injected reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOAs) which can be upgraded to higher data rate without discarding the existing low-data-rate transmitter. The transmitter is based on optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) of return-to-zero modulated RSOAs and thus capable of upgrading t...

The Ca(2+) that promotes transmitter release is generally thought to enter presynaptic terminals through voltage-gated Ca(2+)channels. Using electrophysiology and Ca(2+) imaging, we show that, in amacrine cell dendrites, at least some of the Ca(2+) that triggers transmitter release comes from endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores. We show that both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)Rs)...

To operate a serial channel over copper wires at 4Gb/s, we incorporate an 4GHz FIR equalizing filter into a differential transmitter. The equalizer cancels the frequency-dependent attenuation caused by the skin-effect resistance of copper wire giving a frequency response that is flat to within 5% over the band from 200MHz to 2GHz even over wires with 6dB of high-frequency attenuation. All but t...

In this paper, we explore the potential benefits and limitations of using transmitter lenses in an orbital-angular-momentum (OAM)-multiplexed free-space optical (FSO) communication link. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that within certain transmission distances, using lenses at the transmitter to focus OAM beams could reduce power loss in OAM-based FSO links and that this impr...

Information signal embedded in a chaotic transmitter can be recovered by a receiver if it is a replica of the transmitter. In this paper, a new aspect of chaotic communication is introduced. A sliding-mode observer replaces the conventional chaotic system at the receiver side, which does not need information from the transmitter. So the uncertainties in the transmitter and the transmission line...

Short-term homosynaptic depression and heterosynaptic facilitation of transmitter release from mechanoreceptor sensory neurons of Aplysia are involved in habituation and sensitization, respectively, of defensive withdrawal reflexes. We investigated whether synaptic transmission is regulated in these forms of plasticity by means of changes in the size of the pool of transmitter available for imm...

Transmitter release and synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis during high-frequency stimulation (20 pulses/s) in the extracellular presence of different bivalent cations (Ca(2+), Sr2+ or Ba2+) were studied in frog cutaneous pectoris nerve-muscle preparations. It was shown in electrophysiological experiments that almost only synchronous transmitter release was registered in a Ca(2+)-containing s...

Molecular communication is an emerging paradigm for systems that rely on the release of molecules as information carriers. Communication via molecular diffusion is a popular strategy that is ubiquitous in nature and very fast over distances on the order of a micron or less. Existing closed-form analysis of the diffusion channel impulse response generally assumes that the transmitter is a point ...

In conventional transmission schemes, the transmitter algorithms are a priori given, whereas the algorithms to be used by the receivers have to be a posteriori adapted. Such schemes can be termed transmitter (Tx) oriented and have the potential of simple transmitter implementations. The opposite to Tx orientation would be receiver (Rx) orientation in which the receiver algorithms are a priori g...