Inorganic/organic hybrid solar cells have attracted a lot of interest due to their potential in combining the advantages of both components. To understand the key issues in association with photoinduced charge separation/transportation processes and to improve overall power conversion efficiency, various combinations with nanostructures of hybrid systems have been investigated. Here, we briefly...

“Network neutrality” encompasses a wide-ranging debate over what limits, if any, should be placed on network providers in pricing or managing Internet traffic. The articles in this volume tackle various aspects of this debate: Have other transportation networks been truly “neutral”? Should broadband providers be allowed to charge content providers for connecting with end users? How much price d...

The heterojunction effects of TiO2 nanotubes on photoconductive characteristics were investigated. For ITO/TiO2/Si diodes, the photocurrent is controlled either by the TiO2/Si heterojunction (p-n junction) or the ITO-TiO2 heterojunction (Schottky contact). In the short circuit (approximately 0 V) condition, the TiO2-Si heterojunction dominates the photocarrier transportation direction due to it...

TiO₂ hollow spheres modified with spatially separated Ag species and RuO₂ cocatalysts have been prepared via an alkoxide hydrolysis-precipitation method and a facile impregnation method. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies indicate that Ag species and RuO₂ co-located on the inner and outer surface of TiO₂ hollow spheres, respectively. The resultant catalysts show significan...

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in Europe and North America. Colonoscopy done every 10 years beginning at age 50 is the preferred method of screening. In Poland and some other countries examinations are offered to subjects free of charge. However, as well as direct medical costs there are direct non-medical costs, which include the cost of transportation and costs relat...

In this technical report, we study the multiple-sink fixed-charge transportation problem (MSFCTP), which arises frequently in application areas of scheduling and cost control, such as facility planning, capital budgeting, resource allocation, buffer allocation, pollution control, etc. The MSFCTP problem involves the distribution from a set of supply centers (sources) to a set of demand centers ...

An understanding of the interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems is of significant interest. Studies aimed at correlating the properties of nanomaterials such as size, shape, chemical functionality, surface charge, and composition with biomolecular signaling, biological kinetics, transportation, and toxicity in both cell culture and animal experiments are under way. These funda...