Dharmakīrti （c. A.D. 600-660） mentioned two examples of esoteric literature in his Pramāṇavārttikasvavṛtti: the Ḍākinītantra and Bhaginītantra. Karṇakagomin 9-10th century） rephrased Bhaginītantra as Caturbhaginītantra （The Tantra Four Sisters） commentary on Pramāṇavārttikasvavṛtti titled Pramāṇavārttikaṭīkā. An earlier study presumed that Sisters here were four goddesses Jayā, Vijayā, Ajitā/Ja...

Nicotine (NIC) adversely influences male reproductive system. Achillea millefolium (Achm) as a medicinal plant is highly regarded for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was conducted to assess whether Achminflorescences alcoholic extract could serve as a protective agent against reproductive toxicity in NIC-exposed male rats. Adult male rats were random...

sporadic alzheimer’s disease (sad) is a multi-factorial disease caused by genetic, epigenetic, environmental and metabolic factors. current understandings of the possible mechanisms of ad such as inflammation and oxidative stresses in the brain have led us to investigation of potential ad therapeutics. currently herbal medicines with fewer side effects comparing to other chemical medicine are i...

The free carbohydrates of the lens are discussed, with particular attention to the normal concentrations. Simple sugar derivatives such as the sugar alcohols are similarly treated. Such metabolic intermediates as the sugar phosphates and the more complex adenosine derivatives are mentioned, as are structural components containing sugar moieties. Experimental procedures, such as special diets, i...

In a publication in Danish from 1861, Bergh described the nematocysts found in a number of nudibranch species. Many of the species had been described previously, but a number were new and given names, but without a description. These species are nomina nuda. We have translated the "descriptions", including the foot-notes, and reproduced the original plate to show that only the nematocysts (real...

Tantrayukti is one among the techniques used by Acharyas for understanding and interpreting scientific literature of Ayurveda. defined as a methodology that helps us to interpret treatise correctly intelligently it enables set optimum standardization in interpretation material minimize subjective variation treatise. There are some controversies existing regarding enumeration definitions Tantray...

spiculopteragia asymmetrica is a gastrointestinal nematode frequently found in the abomasum of cervids. during december and february 2010, two red deer were died in semeskandeh sanctuary in mazandaran province. moreover, five live deer from mentioned area were treated by ivermectin and collected feces of these animals were used for assessment helminthes infection by parasitological methods. sev...