Gastric lipase, pancreatic colipase-dependent lipase, and bile salt-stimulated lipase all have potential roles in digestion of human milk triacylglycerol. To reveal the function of each lipase, an in vitro study was carried out with purified lipases and cofactors, and with human milk as substrate. Conditions were chosen to resemble those of the physiologic environment in the gastrointestinal tr...

The aim of the present study was to test the effect of sitagliptin and exendin-4 upon metabolic alterations, β-cell mass decrease and hepatic steatosis induced by F (fructose) in rats. Normal adult male Wistar rats received a standard commercial diet without (C) or with 10% (w/v) F in the drinking water (F) for 3 weeks; animals from each group were randomly divided into three subgroups: untreat...

: A three-tiered approach involving autoradiography, measurement of seasonal lipid patterns and deployment of in situ microcosms, was used to assess the potential of the moderately lipophilic herbicide triallate to accumulate in two amphipod species (Hyalella azteca and Gammarus lacustris) in two prairie lakes and one prairie pond. Autoradiography revealed that the storage sites for triallate i...

In this study, impacts of different element absence (nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and magnesium) and supplementation (nitrogen and zinc) on element uptake and triacylglycerol production was followed in wild type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-124 strain. Macro- and microelement composition of C. reinhardtii greatly differed under element regimes studied. In particular, heavy metal quotas of the m...

Triacylglycerol hydrolase activities were characterised in homogenates, cytosol, and microvillous membranes (MVM) of human placenta. Homogenates of placenta exhibited three distinct triacylyglycerol hydrolase activities with pH optima 4.5, 6.0 and 8. 0. On further fractionation, placental cytosol exhibited both acid cholesterol ester hydrolase (pH 4.5) and hormone sensitive lipase (pH 6.0) acti...

Goat mammary-gland microsomal fraction by itself induces synthesis of medium-chain-length fatty acids by goat mammary fatty acid synthetase and incorporates short- and medium-chain fatty acids into triacylglycerol. Addition of ATP in the absence or presence of Mg2+ totally inhibits triacylglycerol synthesis from short- and medium-chain fatty acids, and severely inhibits synthesis de novo of med...

Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP or C3adesArg) is a potent lipogenic factor in human and murine adipocytes and fibroblasts. The arginated form of ASP, i.e. complement C3a (C3a), stimulates immunological responses in human granulocytes, mast cells, guinea pig platelets and guinea pig macrophages; however, ASP is inactive in stimulating these responses. Thus both ASP and C3a are bioactive acros...

Background: Apolipoprotein A5 plays an important role in modulating triacylglycerol metabolism in experimental animal models. Objective: The objective was to determine associations of the common apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) 1131T3C polymorphism with postprandial lipemic response and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in humans. Design: Healthy, nonobese subjects [n 158; mean ( SEM) age...

The issue of whether chylomicron remnants are atherogenic has been much debated. A number of reports, which will be discussed later, point to a relationship between impaired metabolism of postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). For the purpose of standardization, the levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins are generally measured in the ...

Small intestinal mucosal inflammation observed in celiac disease is associated with the local release of growth factors and various cytokines. In a previous study, we investigated the effect of various cytokines on triacylglycerol and apoB secretion by CaCo-2 cells and observed that TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and particularly IL-6, decreased apolipoprotein (apo) B and triacylglycerol secretion. In t...