In the 1992 case of Rogers v. Whitaker, the High Court of Australia may not have rendered asunder the floodgates which metaphorically hold back the tide of American-style malpractice litigation. But though the sluice has not yet been fully breached, the flow of “blame and claim” law-suits has increased from a steady trickle to a minor torrent. Many of these are in the nature of “failure to warn...

Use of drip, or trickle, irrigation in agriculture has increased rapidly during the past 20 years. In 1970 approximately 50,000 ha in the United States were under drip irrigation, by 1985 the area had increased to over 300,000 ha (6). Irrigation has been used to deliver fertilizers and pesticides (8,9,14,18,27,28), and there are increasing numbers of studies on the application of nematicidal co...

Traditional approach to group decision making in economics is to maximize the GDP, i.e., the overall gain. The hope behind this approach is that the increased wealth will trickle down to everyone. Sometimes, this happens, but often, in spite of an increase in overall GDP, inequality remains: some people remain poor, some groups continue to face economic discrimination, etc. This shows that maxi...

Earth is a chemical battery where, over evolutionary time with a trickle-charge of photosynthesis using solar energy, billions of tons of living biomass were stored in forests and other ecosystems and in vast reserves of fossil fuels. In just the last few hundred years, humans extracted exploitable energy from these living and fossilized biomass fuels to build the modern industrial-technologica...

zones include an important ‘ant trade’, a small but steady trickle of weapons that can produce large accumulations over time. Addressing large international transfers to conflict zones—involving many hundreds of weapons or millions of rounds of ammunition—is a high priority on the international small arms agenda. This chapter focuses on the role of the many different sources of supply in a sele...

Recently, the internet of things (IoT) has become an important concept which changed vision Internet with appearance IPv6 over low power and lossy networks (6LoWPAN). However, these 6LoWPANs have many drawbacks because use devices limited resources; therefore, suitable protocols such as Routing Protocol for (RPL) were developed, one RPL's main components is trickle timer algorithm, used to cont...

This paper tests whether the impact of human capital externality differs by race, ethnicity and educational attainment. While extant studies have examined the existence of human capital externality on wages, studies have yet to explore whether the spillover benefits from college graduates are equally distributed across different groups of city residents. Using the PSID from 1980 to 2013, we fin...