The use of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors in children has lagged behind that in adults because of the lack of suitable pediatric formulations and information on safe and effective dosing regimens. This study was designed to obtain pharmacokinetic information on indinavir, administered to HIV-infected children also receiving therapy with two nucleoside agents, and to expl...

Nevirapine, a component of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings, known for auto-induction of metabolism, is initiated at half therapeutic dose until day 14 ('lead-in period'), and subsequently escalated to full dose. However, studies have shown that this dosing strategy based on adult studies may not be appropriate in children, given that younger children have higher drug c...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the removal of meropenem during an 8-h sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) session. Using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 2 microg/mL as our reference point, we also evaluated the therapeutic adequacy of dosing meropenem as 1 g every 12 h during SLED. METHODS This was a prospective, open-label study involving 10 intensive car...

Management of treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus patients has become complex, and therapy may need to include two protease inhibitors at therapeutic doses. The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics in serum of saquinavir (1,000 mg twice daily [b.i.d.]), lopinavir (400 mg b.i.d.), and ritonavir (100 mg b.i.d.) in a multidrug rescue therapy study and to ...

The methodology to distinguish the patients showing considerable fluctuation of the whole blood concentration of cyclosporin A (CYA) was investigated from a viewpoint of laboratory test values. First, we retrospectively examined the CYA trough blood concentrations monitored continuously. The patients were classified into three groups by the fluctuation of CYA trough blood concentrations during ...

The relationship of methadone dose with post-mortem blood concentration was investigated using data collected from 1994 coronial cases in the Australian state of New South Wales. Data on 31 subjects were summarized using linear regression. The weight-adjusted methadone dose, gender, methadone maintenance treatment status and its interaction with adjusted-dose were all significant predictors of ...

BACKGROUND Vancomycin is effective against gram-positive bacteria and the first-line antibiotic for treatment of proven coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections. The aim of this study is bipartite: first, to assess the percentage of therapeutic initial trough serum concentrations and second, to evaluate the adequacy of the therapeutic range in interrelationship with the observed MIC-values ...

Treatment of von Willebrand disease typically requires multiple infusions of von Willebrand factor (VWF)/factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate. Accumulation of FVIII is a clinical concern due to potential risk for thromboembolism. This study sought to determine whether VWF/FVIII concentrate of high VWF:FVIII ratio can prevent FVIII accumulation. VWF-deficient knockout mice received four 150 IU/kg VWF...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Oral enzalutamide (160 mg once daily) is approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This article describes the pharmacokinetics of enzalutamide and its active metabolite N-desmethyl enzalutamide. METHODS Results are reported from five clinical studies. RESULTS In a dose-escalation study (n = 140), enzalutamide half-life w...