In the USA I see bumper stickers and t-shirts that declare " Critical thinking: the other national deficit. " Unfortunately here, and elsewhere in the world, these words are often true. Not only does the internet give us ample opportunity to express ourselves without much reflection or thought, but college and university courses do not always expect and foster critical thinking and reflection o...

An optimized PLE method was applied to several truffle species using three different solvent mixtures obtain bioactive enriched fractions. The pressurized water extracts contained mainly (1 → 3),(1 6)-β-D-glucans, chitins, and heteropolymers with galactose mannose in their structures. ethanol included fatty acids fungal sterols others such as brassicasterol stigmasterol, depending on the specie...

Walnuts are an economically important forest tree used for timber and nut production, the of fruits is rich in various nutrients, becoming one four nuts world. have deep roots, which can be colonized by either ectomycorrhizal fungi or arbuscular mycorrhizal soil. These form beneficial symbioses roots walnut. A large number been identified, whilst Boletus edulis, Calvatia uiacina, Cantharelles c...