The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TNFR) superfamily consists of over 20 type-I transmembrane proteins with conserved N-terminal cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) in the extracellular ligand binding region, which are specifically activated by the corresponding superfamily of TNF-like ligands. Members of this receptor superfamily have wide tissue distribution and play important roles in biolog...

One of the most important problems in neuroscience researches is the understanding what is the communication between the immune system and central nervous system. Proinflammatory factors play an important role in this communication. The dysregulation of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines and chemokines is a central feature in the development of neuroinflammation.one of the important&nbsp...

INTRODUCTION osteoprotegerin has emerged as a new candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, high levels of osteoprotegerin have been linked to vascular calcification, an independent and well-defined risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Thus, the action of osteoprotegerin in these situations has been questioned. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the effect of osteoproteg...

According to many studies, inflammation plays a very significant role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Many studies have demonstrated an increase circulating levels inflammatory markers and cytokines such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukins. protein is produced liver response stimulation by various cytokines, mainly interleukin-6, member pentraxin superfami...

background: the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α), is a pathogenic element for a number of disorders. previous studies have reported that the -1031 t/c and -238 g/a polymorphisms in the promoter region of the tnf-α gene are important factors in reproductive-related disorders. one of the most common gynecological diseases of women during the reproductive years is end...