Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is reduced in a variety of tumor cells and has been proposed to be a new type of tumor suppressor gene. The mechanism(s) by which MnSOD suppresses cancer development is currently unknown. However, expression of this antioxidant might play a significant role in maintaining cellular redox status. The relationship between MnSOD expression and modulation of DN...

PURPOSE Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is rare skin cancer that is often associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infection. Polyomaviruses repress tumor suppressor proteins, thus influencing cell-cycle progression, but the effect of MCPyV on the key cell-cycle regulating proteins is poorly understood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated expression of the MCPyV large T-antigen (LTA), Ki-67,...

background and objectives: some of the human papillomaviruses (hpvs) can infect genital tracts and are sometimes associated with anogenital tract cancers. hpvs induced cervical cancers through the expression of e6 and e7 genes by inactivating the tumor suppressor proteins. in this study, e6 and e7 genes were chosen in order to construct an expression vector which is able to express target prote...

STAT5B, a specific member of the STAT family, is intimately associated with prostate tumor progression. While the full form of STAT5B is thought to promote tumor progression, a naturally occurring truncated isoform acts as a tumor suppressor. We previously demonstrated that truncated STAT5 is generated by insertion of an alternatively spliced exon and results in the introduction of an early ter...

Background: Aberrant methylation of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide islands leads to inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer. Tumor suppressor genes are unmethylated in normal tissue and often become hypermethylated during tumor formation, leading to gene silencing. We investigated the association between E-cadherin (CDH1) and estrogen receptor-α (ESRα) gene promoter methylation a...

Hypermethylation of CpG islands located in the promoter regions of genes is a major event in the development of the majority of cancer types, due to the subsequent aberrant silencing of important tumor suppressor genes. KLOTHO; a novel gene associated primarily with suppressing senescence has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis as a result of its impaired function. Recently the relevance ...

Myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are an indispensable component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Along with role MDSC immunosuppression and antitumor immunity, MDSCs facilitate growth, differentiation, metastasis in several ways that yet to be explored. Like any other cell type, also release a tremendous number exosomes, or nanovesicles endosomal origin, participate intercellular co...

The alteration of tumorigenic pathways leading to cancer is a degenerative disease process typically involving inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins and hyperactivation of oncogenes. One such oncogenic protein product is the murine double-minute 2, or Mdm2. While, Mdm2 has been primarily associated as the negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor protein there are many p53-independent...