Recent researches have stated the fast deployment of IPv6. It has been demonstrated that IPv6 grows much faster, being so more and more adopted by both Internet service providers but also by servers and end-hosts. In parallel, researches have been conducted to discover and assess the usage of MPLS tunnels. Indeed, recent developments in the ICMP protocol make certain categories of MPLS tunnels ...

Although the extracellular space in the neuropil of the brain is an important channel for volume communication between cells and has other important functions, its morphology on the micron scale has not been analyzed quantitatively owing to experimental limitations. We used manual and computational techniques to reconstruct the 3D geometry of 180 μm(3) of rat CA1 hippocampal neuropil from seria...

Fast Reroute Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Tunnels Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is u...

Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract RFC 3175 specifies aggregation o...

By means of molecular dynamics simulations we analyze the behavior of water in contact with model hydrophobic cavities and tunnels. We study the hydration and filling propensity of cavities and tunnels carved in alkane monolayers and, for comparison, we also study single-walled carbon nanotubes of similar size. Our results will determine the dependence of the filling propensity as a function of...

Analysis and visualization of molecules and their structural features help biochemists and biologists to better understand protein behavior. Studying these structures in molecular dynamics simulations enhances this understanding. In this paper we introduce three approaches for animating specific inner pathways composed of an empty space between atoms, called tunnels. These tunnels facilitate th...

Multi-Point to Multi-Point Traffic Engineering (MP2MP-TE) leads to an important scalability in Multi Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) networks. This paper emphasizes on the support of Fast-reroute (FRR) in MPLS-TE networks by using MP2MP bypass TE-tunnels. Hence, one MP2MP bypass TE-tunnel can be used to protect several primary TE-tunnels. During failure, the primary TE-tu...

Low-latency anonymous networks like Tor are subject to selective denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Selective-DoS attacks lowers anonymity as it forces paths to be rebuilt multiple times to ensure delivery which increases the opportunity for more attack. In this paper we present a detection algorithm which filters out compromised tunnels from a set of Tor tunnels to ensure better anonymity. Our d...

Bridges and tunnels are semantically meaningful objects in Geographical Information Systems (GIS), playing an important role in terms of reachability between locations. From a topological point of view, bridges and tunnels on surfaces are captured by the notion of a handle. In this paper, we extend an existing axiomatic characterization of 3D surfaces, which guarantees consistency between geome...

High-bandwidth covert channels pose significant risks to sensitive and proprietary information inside company networks. Domain Name System (DNS) tunnels provide a means to covertly infiltrate and exfiltrate large amounts of information passed network boundaries. This paper explores the possibility of detecting DNS tunnels by analyzing the unigram, bigram, and trigram character frequencies of do...