When SAS Software is used to replace legacy software systems, programmers are often asked to recreate analyses run on the old system. The challenge for the programmer is to make the results from the new system match the results from the old system, so analyses will be comparable over time. This paper explores the use of PROC COMPARE to prove that a new analysis system written in SAS produces re...

Since its introduction in 1993, the turbo coding error-correction technique has generated a tremendous interest due to its near Shannon-limit performance. Two key innovations of turbo codes are parallel concatenated encoding and iterative decoding. In its IMT-2000 initiative, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) adopted turbo coding as a channel coding standard for Third-Generation (...

Recently a coding scheme, termed turbo-codes was proposed, which achieves results very close to the Shannon-limit. The encoding and decoding of turbo-codes is reviewed. In particular, a comparison of the current methods used for terminating the trellis of the turbo-code are described. A novel approach to termination of the code is introduced which removes the need to transmit tail bits across t...

This study looks at the use of Turbo Codes across a space time spreading (STS) channel in the absence of multi-path. For 3 and 5 iterations, turbo codes was shown to improve the BER by up to 3%. Key Words-Turbo Codes, Space Time Spreading, Bit Error Rate, Transmit Diversity

Turbo codes are one of the most efficient error correcting code which approaches the Shannon limit. However the major drawback of turbo codes is its high latency due to its iterative decoding process. The high throughput in turbo decoder can be achieved by parallelizing several Soft Input Soft Output(SISO) units together. In this way, multiple SISO decoders work

Unlike the usual turbo codes, “unifilar turbo codes” are based on only one underlying trellis code. If terminated (i.e., as block codes), they perform as well as (ordinary) turbo codes; if not termina ted (i.e., as convolutional codes), they are attractive for continuous transmission under tight delay

The current paper addresses the issue of estimating the sampling instant in turbo receivers. The proposed synchronizer is based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and takes benefit from the soft information delivered by the turbo system. Performance Interpolator Anti−aliasing Turbo Demodulator Matched filter a posteriori information Discrete Time 1 Ts rl r(t)

This paper deals with “Turbo codes”. The turbo code encoder is built using a parallel concatenation of two RSC codes and associated decoder is SOVA. Simulation carried out for different BER, iterations, constraint lengths and frame sizes (FS) to show performance properties of turbo codes in AWGN channel and using binary shift keying modulation. .

Power line channel often suffers from impulsive interferences generated by electrical appliances. Therefore, power line communication (PLC) makes the degradation due to such the impulsive interferences. Middleton’s Class A noise model is frequently utilized for the modeling of such the impulsive noise environment. In this paper, we deal with turbo decoding for turbo codes over additive white Cl...