Catalonia has been one of the most commercialized and industrialized regions of Spain during the twentieth century. Home of the first industrial revolution during the nineteenth century, it started to adopt technologies and organizational structures of the Second Technological Revolution by the end of that period and the first third of the twentieth century. During the period 1890-1935 Catalan ...

Cancer treatment generally comes in four modalities.' Traditionally, surgery of tumours was the most important, while radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy were introduced as new forms of treatment in the course of the twentieth century. Although chemotherapy and immunotherapy did not become standard until after the Second World War, X-rays and radium were used as alternatives to the sur...

Two atmospheric general circulation model experiments are conducted with specified terrestrial snow conditions representative of 1980–99 and 2080–99. The snow states are obtained from twentieth-century and twenty-first-century coupled climate model integrations under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Sea surface temperatures, sea ice, and greenhouse gas concentrations are set to 1980–99...