This paper presents an approach for stiffness modelling of the lower mobility parallel manipulators using the generalized Jacobian. The approach can be implemented by two steps:(1) The first order deflection analysis by decomposing twist space of the end-effector into a pair of complementary twist subspaces associated with the permitted and restricted instantaneous motions, (2) The kinestatic a...

Ras signaling elicits diverse outputs, yet how Ras specificity is generated remains incompletely understood. We demonstrate that Wingless (Wg) and Decapentaplegic (Dpp) confer competence for receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated induction of a subset of Drosophila muscle and cardiac progenitors by acting both upstream of and in parallel to Ras. In addition to regulating the expression of proximal R...

We consider domino tilings of three-dimensional cubiculated manifolds with or without boundary, including subsets of Euclidean space and threedimensional tori. In particular, we are interested in the connected components of the space of tilings of such regions under local moves. Building on the work of the third and fourth authors [19], we allow two possible local moves, the flip and trit. Thes...

The transcription factor Twist plays vital roles during embryonic development through regulating/controlling cell migration. However, postnatally, in normal physiological settings, Twist is either not expressed or inactivated. Increasing evidence shows a strong correlation between Twist reactivation and both cancer progression and malignancy, where the transcriptional activities of Twist suppor...

Wnt1, initially identified as a mammary oncogene, can activate transcription via beta-catenin/TCF complexes. Twist, a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix class, has also been suggested to have oncogenic properties. The aim of this study was to determine whether Twist is regulated by Wnt1 and might thus be a novel mediator of Wnt signaling. We found that Twist was up-regulated in ...

Wnt1, initially identified as a mammary oncogene, can activate transcription via -catenin/TCF complexes. Twist, a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix class, has also been suggested to have oncogenic properties. The aim of this study was to determine whether Twist is regulated by Wnt1 and might thus be a novel mediator of Wnt signaling. We found that Twist was up-regulated in C57M...

TWIST, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that regulates mesodermal development, has been shown to promote tumor cell metastasis and to enhance survival in response to cytotoxic stress. Our analysis of rat C6 glioma cell-derived cDNA revealed TWIST expression, suggesting that the gene may play a role in the genesis and physiology of primary brain tumors. To further delineate a...